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Public Health Exam 2 Flashcards

100 on exam 2

1
Q

Why do people engages in unhealthy behaviors?

A
  • lack of knowledge
  • psychological environments
  • risk perceptions
  • peer pressure and role modeling
  • physical environment
  • community norms
  • benefits immediate; cost deferred
  • addiction
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2
Q

Ecological Model

A

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, societal/public policy

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3
Q

Intrapersonal

A

biological factors, beliefs, knowledge, personal fianaces, skills, attitudes, preference, self- efficacy

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4
Q

Interpersonal

A

role modeling, peer pressure, social support, family, partner, friends

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5
Q

Institutional/ organizational

A

school, workplace, social groups, religious groups

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6
Q

community

A

community initiatives, neighborhood characteristics, relationships between organizations, community norms

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7
Q

Societal/ public policy

A

media, zoning, social norms, laws, enforcement of laws

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8
Q

health outcomes are influences by the….

A

interactive characteristics of individuals and environments

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9
Q

Major Health Risks

A

tobacco, poor diet, and lack of exercise

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10
Q

Wonder Drug

A

PHYSICAL EXERCISE
- helps with anxiety, dementia, risk of stroke
- weight, diabetes, disability, breast cancer and bowel cancer

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11
Q

Alcohol Related Death- Acute and Chronic Causes

A

Acute-
- motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, suicide, homicide, drowning
Chronic-
- stroke, hypertension, various cancers, adiction

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12
Q

Alcohol Abus is highest aroung young adults

A
  • heart disease is highest among those who do not drink and are heavy drinkers
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13
Q

Alcohol Injuries amoung college students

A
  • death, assault, and date rape
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14
Q

Policy gone wrong… Prohibition

A

positive health affects- liver problems decrease and consumption dropped
social consequences- disrespect for the law, more murder, and bootlegging

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15
Q

Reduction in Motor Vehicle injuries

A

-public health success
- target safety efforts= roadway improvements, campaigns against drunk driving, vehicle safety improvements

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16
Q

Strategies for health behavior change

A
  • Education
  • Incentives
  • law and policies
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17
Q

Certain Groups Smoking is Higher

A
  • prisons
  • rural areas
  • southern areas
  • military
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18
Q

Smoking is higher amoung those with mental health issues

A
  • because not focused on long term issues but mental health
  • people die with diesease that are tied with smoking
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19
Q

Youths are not Smoking

A
  • vaping increased than decreased
  • nicotine is not killing it is everything else in it
  • smoking rates are decreasing
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20
Q

Harm Reduction

A
  • vaping is used as harm reduction cause smoking is worse
  • harder for older people to stop smoking
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21
Q

Disability-adjusted life years

A

a measure of overall disease burden, capturing the number of years lost from poor health, disability, or premature death

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22
Q

Decision to Smoke is a Combination of

A

psychological, social, cultural, economic, and political factors influence individual behavior

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23
Q

What is Mental Health

A
  • a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their communities
  • it is an intergal component of health and well-being that underpins out individual and colective abilities to make decisions, bild relationships and shape the world we live in
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24
Q

Mental and behavioral disorder are amoung…

A

the leading causes of disability in the US

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25
mental disorder are amung the costilist health conditions for adults 18-64 in the U.S
26
Mental Health Conditions are Characterized by...
1. present frequently/ daily 2. last for substantial periods of time 3. cause dysfunction/ disability 4. and are not caused by another medical condition or substance use disorder
27
Mental Health is on a continuum
in crisis, stuggling, surviving, thriving, excelling
28
Heatlh Promotion is on a Continuum
Prevention, Treatment, continuing care
29
Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Care
- lack of insurance, mental illness stigma, lack of diversity among mental health care provider, distrust in health care, inadequate support for mental health service in safety net setting
30
Mental Health Disparities
- two or more races are most likely to report any mental illness within the last year - lack of cultural understand may contribute to under diagnosis of mental illness - difference in services used by people of different ethnic racial groups - minorities more likely to go to juvenile justice system than speciality primary care
31
ethnic/ racial minorities often bear a dispropotionaely high burden of disability resulting from mental disorders
32
Person First Language
Def: language choice that emphasizes the person as a whole and views the disorder, disease, condition, or disability as only on part of the person
33
Obesity as an example of a chronic disease
obesity defined: complex state of excess adipose tissue that may affect health resulting from a variety of factors such as genetics, diet, and physical inactivity
34
Obesity is...
1. Prevalent 2. Serious- health and economic consequences 3. Preventable and treatable (make it a public health problem)
35
contributions to increase in obesity
- dietary intake/ nutrition - physical activity - genetics- sleep - environmental exposures
36
Macronutrients- yield energy
- carbohydrates - lipids/ fats - proteins
37
Micronutrients- need in smaller amounts
- vitamins - minerals - water
38
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
recommendation for nutrients a persona should consume per day to stay healthy
39
Folate
critical in synthesis of DNA and cell division (helps close the spinal cord)- if not difficulty walking, fluid build up in brain, tethered spine
40
Fortification Efforts
- iodine in salt, - vitamin D in milk, cheese, yogurt - niacin, iron in flours
41
Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)
- detailed report for professions: health professionals, policymakers, and researchers -goals: promote health behaviors, prevent chronic disease, provide tools for individual to monitor food intake
42
Regular Physical Activity Benefits
- reduces onset of many disease states - improve quality of sleep - improve cognitive function: academic performance, memory, etc. - maintains muscle and bone mass
43
Type 2 diabetes
- chronic disease: due to obesity, physical inactivity, genetics, age, socioeconomic status race
44
Type 2 Diabetes: Interventions
lifestyle changes: weight loss, physical activity, diet Medication
45
mental health disorders
are a leading cuse of disability, morbidity, and morality and the leading cause of disability for young adults
46
early prevention, detection and treament saves lives
47
Academically yUntreated mental health disorder are associated
with lower GPA, enrollment discontinuity, and drop-out
48
economic case for investing in student mental health
increased retentions, increased lifetime productivity (earnings), increased student satisfaction
49
Impact of Covid on mental health
- Increase in severe depression - Increase in academic impairment and distress - Increase barrier to care - Decrease in student access to care
50
Socio-political events- impact mental health
There mental health increased post trump election travel ban of muslim students
51
Higher mental health issues
Gender and sexual minorities are experiencing high mental health concerns International and students of color also experience higher mental health concerns
52
Public health Approach
- Addresses basic needs - Develop life skills - Promoting social networks - Identity students at-risk - Encourage help seeking - Provide mental health services
53
Addresses basic needs
- Undermines educations experiences and credential attainment- food and housing insecurity - Associated with poor physical health, symptoms of depression and higher perceived stress
54
Promoting social networks
Important protective factor, students turn to each other when in distress
55
What works for improving mental health in higher education?
- skill training with supervised practice, screening, peer programs, beloning interventions
56
What DOES NOT work for improving mental health in higher education?
Psychoeducational (just telling students information and leaving them to be), gatekeeper (program where people reach out to non mental health professionals- life RAs, and professors…)
57
Mental health needs public health
Clinical services and insufficient inequalities= large and persistent Population level approaches that address root causes and focus on prevention are needed
58
Types of gun injuries and deaths
- intentional, suicide and homicide - unintentional accidental injury - unknown
59
those with a gun in the home
3x more likely to die by homicide 7x more likely to die by suicide
60
Interpersonal/ intrapersonal gun violence
intimate partner violence/ mental health
61
What levels may be well suited for intervention?
Public policy (is the big one) Community and interpersonal
62
What examples of intervention at each level? Institutional
Metal detectors, government identifying warning for groups with hella guns, ways to identify teachers with mental health issues that someone could cause harm to themselves or other, security

Sem 3 (5 decks)

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