Public Health/Ethics Flashcards
Communitarianism/community ethics
Is the act good for everyone who will be affected by the act?
Deontology
Is the act right or wrong itself, irrespective of benefits for me, or other consequences?
Abiding to ‘duty of care’
Consequentialism/utilitarianism
Whether an action is right or wrong is dependent on the consequences - the action is right if the resulting consequence has the ‘best’ impact
Religious theory
Does the act respect the sanctity of human life?
Virtue ethics
Am I being honest to myself and consistent in my acts?
Professionalism and morals matter most
4 Ethical Principles (Beauchamps and Childress)
Autonomy (free will)
Beneficence (do good)
Non-maleficence (do no harm)
Justice (fair distribution of gain/cost)
Biomedical model
The body as a machine - does not take into account the patient, how they are feeling, social factors, behaviour etc
Biopsychosocial model
Integrating disease and patient factors
Epidemiology
Study of frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in a population
Epidemiological triangle
Vector
Food
Environment
Incidence
Number of new cases of disease in a population
Number of persons with risk of developing disease in the same population
Prevalence
Number of cases of disease present in a population
Number of persons with risk of having disease in the same population
Negative predictive value
Testing true negatives/true negatives
Proportion of those who test negative who actually do not have the disease
Positive predictive value
Testing true positives/true positives
Proportion of those who test positive who actually have the disease
Sensitivity
Proportion of those who have the disease who are correctly identified by a positive test
Specificity
Proportion of those who do not have the disease who are correctly identified by a negative test
Yield
Number of previously undiagnosed cases picked up by a screening programme
Primary prevention
Stopping a disease before it starts
Secondary prevention
Stopping a disease from getting worse
