Anatomy Flashcards
Name the 3 types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Name the two types of fibrous joints and an example of each
Syndesmoses - interosseous membranes
Sutures - coronal suture
Name the two types of cartilaginous joints and an example of each
Primary cartilaginous - long bone epiphyseal growth plate
Secondary cartilaginous - intervertebral discs
Name the typical features of synovial joints
Two or more bones articulating
Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage
Capsule wraps around the joint
Contains a joint cavity
Supported by ligaments
Associated with skeletal muscles and their tendons
Associated with bursae
Name the 5 subtypes of synovial joints and an example of each
Pivot - atlanto-axial joint Plane - acromioclavicular joint Hinge - elbow joint Biaxial - carpometacarpal joint Ball and socket - hip joint
Define subluxation
Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
Define dislocation
Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
Describe the route of an ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Develops in ovaries
Released into peritoneal cavity
Gathered by fimbrae into the infundibulum
Moved along uterine tube by cilia
Note: fertilisation usually occurs in ampulla, then implantation in body of uterus
Describe the route of sperm from the testis to the penis
Produced in seminiferous tubules
Pass to rete testis
Then into head of epididymis
Epididymis becomes vas deferens
Name the components of a nerve cell
Dendrites
Body
Myelin sheath
Axon
Name the 12 Cranial Nerves
CN I - Olfactory Nerve CN II - Optic Nerve CN III - Oculomotor Nerve CN IV - Trochlear Nerve CN V - Trigeminal Nerve CN VI - Abducent Nerve CN VII - Facial Nerve CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN X - Vagus Nerve CN XI - Spinal Accessory Nerve CN XII - Hypoglossal Nerve
What is the diencephalon composed of?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Which two hormones does the posterior pituitary gland produce
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Explain the blood system in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
Portal System
Which hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Triiodothyronine
Thyroxine
Describe the route of urine
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
What is a nephron?
The basic structural and function unit of the kidney
What are the sections of a nephron?
Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct
How does urine drain from the kidney?
Nephron collecting ducts Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis Ureter
