PUBLIC HEALTH (ENVDs A-J)) Flashcards
are non-communicable diseases that result when people are chronically exposed to toxic environmental chemicals
Environmental Diseases
Other contributory causes of ENVDs:
- Radiation
- Pathogens
- Allergens
- Psychological stress
ENVDs from A to Z:
- Allergies & asthma
- Birth defects
- Cancer
- Dermatitis
- Emphysema
- Fertility problems
- Goiter
- Heart Disease
Allergic rhinitis affects what age
aged 13-14 years old
Prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis
32.5% (Filipinos in Metro Manila)
Allergic rhinitis is triggered by
- Pollutants
- Chemicals
happens when pregnant women are exposed to chemicals or drink a lot of alcohol, harmful substances that reach the fetus
Birth defects
What causes birth defects
Aspirin & cigarette smoking
How many babies are born with birth defects in US each year
150,000 babies
___% of annual births in the country. Total of ______cases of birth defects per year
6.3%, 1240
occurs when a cell or group of cells begin to multiply more rapidly than normal
Cancer
As cancer spread, they affect nearby organs & tissues in the body
Mestastasis
How many Americans have cancer
8 million
How many are killed per year, every day, and every hour in the Philippines
Every year: 300,000 victims killed per year
Everyday: 800
Every hour: 33
Cancer caused by substances in the environment:
a. Cigarette smoke
b. Asbestos
c. Radiation
d. Natural & man-made chemicals
e. Alcohol
f. Sunlight (too much exposure)
chemicals in paints, dyes, cosmetics and detergents can cause rashes & blisters
Dermatitis
fancy name for inflamed, irritated skin
Dermatitis
In dermatitis, what causes unusual reactions
Fabrics, food, & certain medications
In dermatitis, what makes the skin dry & chapped
Too much wind & sun
In dermatitis, what can cause rashes & blisters
Chemical in paints, dyes, cosmetics, & detergents
a disease of the lungs that is caused by air pollution & cigarette smoke that can break down sensitive tissue in the lungs
Emphysema
happens when the lungs can’t expand & contract properly
Emphysema
ranks the 7th top cause of death in the Philippines (prevalence studied in 2005)
Emphysema
Prevalence rate & cases of Emphysema
Cases:
America: 2 million
Philippines: 634,130 cases
Prevalence:
14% in Metro Manila
20% in rural areas
inability to produce children
Fertility problems
Fertility problems can be caused by
- Infections from sexual diseases
- Exposure to chemicals on the job or elsewhere in the environment
- Too much caffeine can temporarily reduce a woman’s fertility
In the PH, 1 in 8 couples has this problem
Fertility problems
happens when people don’t get enough iodine in their diet that can cause thyroid gland to enlarge
Goiter
In Goiter, patients are unsually
- restless
- nervous
- sluggish
- lethargic
became rare when health officials decided that iodine should be added to salt
Goiter
_______________ to be included in the “Sankap Pinoy Seal Program”
Iodized salt
- a strategy to encourage food manufacturers to fortify processed foods & food products with essential nutrient at levels approved by the DOH
- started when the NNS released results that Filipinos are micronutrient deficient in: Vit A, Iodine, Iron
Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program
which is the Philippine Food Fortification Act which requires a mandatory food fortification for all staple foods
R.A. 8976
(Act for Salt Iodization Nationwide, commonly known as ASIN), implemented which aimed to solve iodine deficiency in the Philippines
R.A. 8172
As of 2008, there are _____ processed food products having Sangkap Pinoy Seal where _____% of them are snack foods
139, 37%
Vitamin A: ___%
Iron: ___%
Iodine: ____%
Vit A: 83%
Iron: 29%
Iodine: 14%
more than 1 in 4 Americans suffer from diseases of the heart & blood vessels
Heart Disease
these diseases cause almost half of all deaths in America
Heart disease
each year, ______ Filipinos die from cardiovascular diseases
170,000 - a mortality right higher than those caused by typhoons that hit the country every year
Heart disease is also known as
“Thief of the night”
quietly sneaks into homes & hospital beds, snuffing the life out of 19 Filipinos each hour
Heart disease
Male heart disease:
Female heart disease:
Male: 40 & 45 years old
Female: 50 & 55 years old
Heart disease is due to
- Poor eating habits
- Lack of exercise
- Environmental chemicals
Chemicals are broken down into harmless substances by the liver, some are converted into particles called _______ that react with proteins in the blood to form fatty deposits called ______
Free radicals, plaques
Immune system fights:
- germs
- viruses
- poisons that attack the body
Immune Deficiency diseases are composed of:
- Plasma cell
- Memory B Cell
- Killer T Cell
- Memory T cells
- T helper cells
- Natural Killer T cell
- Innate lymphoid cell
- Natural killer cell
In Immune deficiency disease, what can weaken the immune system by damaging its specialized cells making the body vulnerable to diseases
Drugs & chemicals
many are caused by chemicals & other agents present in the workplace
Job-related Illness
In job-related illness, factories & scientific laboratories: at risk contaminated with
- poisonous chemicals
- dyes
- metals
In job-related illness, doctors & nurses at risk with:
- radiation
- bacteria
- viruses
about _____ workers die from job-related diseases everyday
137
In job-related illness, workers can protect themselves by wearing
a. special suits
b. goggles
c. masks
d. gloves
e. ear plugs & other equipment
