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P3 > NEURO Reviewer > Flashcards

NEURO Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

Facial processing is in this pathway

A

Parvocellular

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2
Q

Recognition & discrimination of visual shapes & objects

A

Ventral

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3
Q

Spatial awareness

A

Dorsal

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4
Q

Also known as “Where” stream

A

Dorsal

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5
Q

It is only in this part of the visual pathway that impulses from corresponding points of two retinal meet

A

Visual Cortex

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6
Q

Information from the contralateral eye goes to what layer?

A

Layers 1,4,6

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7
Q

These layers of LGN receive signals that travel by the parvocellular pathway

A

Layer 3-6

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8
Q

Flattened structure above pituitary fossa

A

Optic chiasma

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9
Q

This type of fibes passes straight into temporal part of optic disc

A

Macular Fibers

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10
Q

This is responsible for the visually-guided behavior

A

Dorsal

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11
Q

Large cells pass to through this pathway

A

Magnocellular

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12
Q

This is in charge for the movement perception

A

Magnocellular

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13
Q

Lesion this part will result to congruous homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

A

Visual Cortex

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14
Q

Lesions on this part will give rise to incongruous homonymous hemianopia

A

Optic Tracts

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15
Q

Bitemporal & Binasal hemianopia could be seen if the px has a lesion on this part

A

Optic Chiasma

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16
Q

It is also known as the “What” stream

A

Ventral

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17
Q

Pie on the sky type of defect could be seen if this area has a lesion

A

Optic Radiations

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18
Q

Baums & Meyers loop are both alternative name of this

A

Optic Radiations

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19
Q

These fibers pass above & below as arcuate fibers

A

Temporal Fibers

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20
Q

Lesions of this area will lead to congruous homonymous macular defect

A

Visual Cortex

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21
Q

Triad of Horner’s syndrome

A
  • Miosis
  • Ptosis
  • Anhidrosis
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22
Q

2 major muscles responsible for pupil reactions

A
  • Dilator pupillae muscle
  • Sphincter pupillae muscle
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23
Q

3 types of Reflexes

A
  • Light reflex
  • Near reflex
  • Darkness reflex
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24
Q

Synkinesis of near reflex

A
  • Accommodation
  • Convergence
  • Miosis
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25
Q

Enumerate the Afferent Pathway Defects

A
  • Total Afferent Pathway Defect (TAPD)
  • Relative Afferent Pathway Defect (RAPD)
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26
Q

Enumerate Efferent Pathway Defects

A
  • Adie’s Tonic Pupil
  • Argyll Robertson Pupil (ARP)
  • Horner’s syndrome (Oculosympathetic Paresis)?
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27
Q

less common type of hemorrhagic stoke

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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28
Q

second type of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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29
Q

most common type of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Intracerebral hemorrhage

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30
Q

fatty deposits form a clot

A

Plaque

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31
Q

medical term for severely reduced blood flow

A

Ischemia

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32
Q

medical term for tissue death

A

Infarction

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33
Q

heyperextension

A

Coup injury

34
Q

brain moves backward

A

Countercoup injury

35
Q

mechanically induced & occur at the moment of injury

A

Primary injury

36
Q

classification of TBI, isolated to one specific area of the brain

A

Focal Injury

37
Q

leading cause of death & disability in children/adults from 1-44 y/o

A

TBI

38
Q

A typical cluster HA lasts

A

4-8 weeks

39
Q

spreading front of tingling & numbness, from one body part to another

A

Sensory aura

40
Q

A migraine theory, pain results from muscular tension

A

Second theory

41
Q

In biochemical changes theory, which neurotransmitter is released

A

Serotonin

42
Q

Primary HA Syndrome

A
  • Tension type HA
  • Migraine
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia
  • Cluster HA
43
Q

Triggers of Migraine (4S-2F-2M-2C-THOP)

A

Stress
Strong odors
Smoking
Sleep changes
Flashing lights
Fatigue
Menstruation
Menopause
Chocolate
Caffeine
Tyramine
Hunger
Oral contraceptives
Pregnancy

44
Q

Classification of TBI

A
  • Closed brain injury
  • Open brain injury
45
Q

General classification of stroke

A
  • Ischemic stroke
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
46
Q

defined by a difference in the size of the two pupils of 0.4mm or greater

A

Anisocoria

47
Q

A lesion in this part produces subtle & transient anisocoria

A

Midbrain

48
Q

Voluntary fixation

A

Premotor cortical region of Frontal lobe

49
Q

Involuntary fixation

A

Secondary visual area in Occipital cortex

50
Q

quick, ballistic eye movement that allows us to change fixation point from one target to another

A

Saccade / Saccadic movement

51
Q

visually guided movements & after catch-up saccade, eyes can track the target smoothly

A

Pursuit movement

52
Q

necessary interval between the onset of the target & onset of the eye movement for target fixation

A

200ms

53
Q

both eyes are in adduction

A

Convergence

54
Q

far objects fixation

A

Divergence

55
Q

Horizontal gaze center

A

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)

56
Q

controls horizontal movement of the eyes

A

PPRF

57
Q

Vertical gaze center is located in

A

Mesencephalon

58
Q

concerned with intentional saccades to the opposite (contralateral) direction

A

Frontal eye fields

59
Q

If this is damaged, the px cannot look to the right side if asked

A

Left frontal eye field

60
Q

generate express saccades that are not associated with planned movements of the eyes

A

Superior colliculus

61
Q

in charge of your thought process

A

Frontal lobe

62
Q

receives & identify sensory information

A

Parietal lobe

63
Q

controls the release of most hormones

A

Pituitary gland

64
Q

in charge of your body temp, hunger, and thirst

A

Hypothalamus

65
Q

lets you perceive things like touch, taste & pain

A

Parietal lobe

66
Q

in charge of your auditory process

A

Temporal lobe

67
Q

controls your breathing, heartbeat, facial expressions, etc

A

Brainstem

68
Q

interprets visual images

A

Occipital lobe

69
Q

helps you coordinate when you move

A

Cerebellum

70
Q

helps you make long-term memories

A

Hippocampus

71
Q

where voluntary motor ability starts

A

Frontal lobe

72
Q

this lobe is in charge of your sensory & motor perception

A

Parietal lobe

73
Q

where decision making, initiation of plans, and termination of actions takes place

A

Frontal lobe

74
Q

lobe in charge of your vision

A

Occipital lobe

75
Q

this lobe is in charge of language comprehension

A

Temporal lobe

76
Q

Superior Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action

A

Primary: Elevation
Secondary: Incyclotorsion
Tertiary: Adduction

77
Q

Inferior Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action

A

Primary: Depression
Secondary: Excyclotorsion
Tertiary: Adduction

78
Q

Medial Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action

A

Primary: Adduction
Secondary: None
Tertiary: None

79
Q

Lateral Rectus: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action

A

Primary: Abduction
Secondary: None
Tertiary: None

80
Q

Inferior Oblique: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action

A

Primary: Excyclotorsion
Secondary: Elevation
Tertiary: Abduction

81
Q

Superior Oblique: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Action

A

Primary: Incyclotorsion
Secondary: Depression
Tertiary: Abduction

82
Q

What muscles for dilation & constriction

A

Dilator pupillae - dilation
Sphincter pupillae - constriction

P3 (11 decks)

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