PEDIA Reviewer Flashcards
treated systemically with a 3rd generation cephalosporin and topical erythromycin ointment
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis
treated with oral erythromycin for 2 weeks & erythromycin ointment
Chlamydial Infection
this should always be considered a systemic condition
Herpes Simplex Virus
this is a conjunctival inflammation on that occur within the first month of life
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
treated with a high dose intravenous acyclovir under pediatric care
Herpes Simplex Virus
it is associated with sneezing & nasal discharge
Allergic Conjunctivitis
highly contagious infection
Viral Conjunctivitis
in this type of conjunctivitis, difficulty in opening the eyelids upon waking up is often a representation
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
often involves systemic condition such as sore throat or common cold
Viral Conjunctivitis
this is usually unilateral
Viral Conjunctivitis
often results from abnormal binocular interactions
Strabismic Amblyopia
caused by difference in refractive error between the eyes
Anisometropic Amblyopia
it results from image blur in one meridian
Meridional Amblyopia
caused by uncorrected astigmatism
Meridional Amblyopia
a decrease in best corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes despite having the best corrective glasses
ALL (Anisometropic, Meridional, Strabismic Amblyopia)
in this type of accommodative esotropia, the AC/A ratio is normal
Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
Esotropia is a physiological response to excessive hypermetropia
Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
in this type of accommodative esotropia, the AC/A ratio is high
Non-Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
the deviation is limited and BSV is present at all distances of a optical correction of hypermetropia
Fully Accommodative Esotropia
esotropia is reduced but not eliminated by full correction of hypermetropia
Partial Accommodative Esotropia
part of the treatment is pressure patching
Corneal Abrasion
autosomal dominant is the most common etiological factor
Congenital Cataract
Proliferative retinopathy affecting premature infants of very low birth weight who have been exposed to high O2 concentration
Retinopathy of Prematurity
associated metabolic disorders: Galactosaemia, Lowe syndrome, and Fabry disease
Congenital Cataract
it is not a variation of Dynamic Retinoscopy
Near Retinoscopy
at distance closer than resting point amount of accommodation is less than required by stimulus
Lead of Accommodation
basically a substitute for Static Retinoscopy used in infants
Near Retinoscopy
at distance beyond resting point amount of accommodation exceeds than that of required
Lag of Accommodation
objective test to measure the refractive status of the eye with active accommodation
Cyclopegic Refraction
used to measure the lead & lag of accommodation
Dynamic Retinoscopy
objective test to measure the refractive status of the eye with accommodation relax
Static Retinoscopy
In Bell Retinoscopy, the distance between the px & examiner is
50cm
objective assessment ocular alignment using a penlight
Corneal Light Reflex Test
a condition where objects located in a distance appear blurry or out of focus
Myopia
the most common type of refractive error found in children
Myopia
the most common symptoms of this condition in children are eye tiredness, eyestrain, and headaches
Hyperopia
can occur when the eyes refractive power is too strong
Myopia
often occurs due to abnormal curvature of the cornea
Astigmatism
Viral Conjunctivitis is commonly caused by this virus
Adenovirus
red, swollen and tender bump near the eyelid margin
Stye
it affects the Zeiss or Meibomian Glands
Chalazion
a medical term used in which vision of the normal eye is blurred with atropine
Penalization
it is the most effective in treatment in amblyopia which we cover the good eye to encourage the amblyopic eye
Occlusion/Patching
a medical term for a large eye as a result of stretching due to elevated IOP
Buphthalmos
it is due to diffuse oedema secondary to raised IOP or localized oedema due to breaks in Descemet’s membrane
Corneal haze
it is characterized by its posterior location, prominence of plus disease and ill-defined nature of the retinopathy
Rush Disease
characterized by dilation & tortuosity of blood vessels involving at least 2 quadrants of the posterior fundus
Plus Disease
other name for Rush Disease
Aggressive Posterior Disease
Hand regard
4 months
VA may be in the 20/200 to 20/300 range
4 months
Hand movements are monitored visually
6 months
Tears begin to form
1 month
The infant begin to associate visual stimuli & an event
3 months
Eye hand coordination (reaching) is usually achieved
5 months
able to stare at objects held 8-10 inches away
At birth
Acuity improves rapidly to near normal
Between 6 & 9 months
The infant is capable of glancing at smaller targets
3 months
The infant is aware of the environment and can shift gaze form near to far easily
5 months
Search for hidden objects
Between 9 & 12 months
These layer contribute to the development of the eye
Neural Tube, Surface Ectoderm, Neural Crest, Mesoderm
_______ derived from the ectoderm and lie close to the neural tube
Neural Crest
Mesoderm contributes to the ff structures
-Extraocular muscles
-Endothelial lining of the blood vessels of the eye
-Sclera
-Choroid
These structures are derived from the neural crest
Sclera
Corneal Endothelium
Connective tissue & bony structures of the orbit
Surface ectoderm produces the ff
Lens
Corneal epithelium
4 types of VA
Recognition
Detection
Resolution
Localization
Enumerate Recognition Acuity
-Snellen’s letter chart
-Sheridan’s letter
-Flook’s symbol
-Allen’s picture card test
-Stycar letters
-Kay’s test
-LogMar chart
-Lea symbols
-Sonksen-Silver test
Enumerate Detection tests
-Catford drum test
-100s to 1000s test
Enumerate Resolution (POGV)
-Optokinetic nystagmus test
-Preferential looking test
-Visually evoked response
-Grating test
Enumerate Localization
-Snellen’s E chart
-Landolt’s C Chart
VA suitable for 0-6/12 months (POFFVOCC)
-Observation
-Fixation
-Pursuit
-Visually directed reaching
-Objection to occlusion
-Cover test
-Catfrod drum
-Forced choice preferential looking
VA for 6/12 months - 2 years (VSFC-100s&1000s)
-100s & 1000s
-Visually directed reaching
-Stycar balls
-Forced choice preferential looking
-Cardiff acuity cards
VA for 2-3 years (SFLIKS)
-Kay’s pictures
-Stycar toys
-Illiterate symbols
-Flook’s symbols
-Sjogrens hand test
-LogMar
VA suitable for 3 years old (C-2L-4S)
-Sheridan Gardiner test
-Cambridge crowding test
-Sonksten-Silver test
-Landolt C test
-Stycar letters
-Snellen test
-LogMar
an objective method to evaluate the objective visual acuity by inducing optokinetic nystagmus
Catford drum
individuals with this syndrome & who survive the initial neonatal & infantile period merit vigorous rehabilitation of the sensory function to enable proper psychomotor development
CHARGE Association Syndrome
this results from transplacental spread of the virus by an infected mother
Congenital Varicella
spread by airborne droplets & direct contact with infected lesions
Varicella Zoster
double stranded DNA virus
Herpes Simplex Virus
found in lesion on the genitalia & the skin of the thighs
Herpes Simplex Virus 2
these are problems that affect the brain’s ability to receive, process, analyze, or store info
Learning Disabilities
refers to group of disorders that affect a broad range of academic & functional skills
Learning Disability
difficulty in writing, reading, & spelling
Dyslexia
difficulty with writing, spelling, and composition
Dysgraphia
problems with manual dexterity & coordination
Dyspraxia
collective term for speech inability to produce speech & understand language
Dysphasia
difficulty perceiving or understanding what other people say
Receptive disorder
difficulty producing speech sounds
Articulation disorder
difficulty putting ideas into spoken form
Expressive disorder
systemic features of Alport’s syndrome
-Thrombocytopenia
-Macro thrombocytopathia
-Hypoparathyroidism
-Polyneuropathy
-Ichthyosis
-Thyroid abnormalities
ocular clinical features of Marfan’s syndrome
- Subluxation of crystalline lens
- Myopia, microcornea, keratoconus, occasionally retinal detachment & glaucoma
- Stretched zonular fibers can be seen through the dilated pupil
- Coloboma of the lens
- Microspherophakia
- Iridodonesis results from lens subluxation
- Strabismus
systemic features of Down syndrome
- Mental handicap
- Upward slanting palpebral fissure
- Epicanthic folds
- Broad short hands & a protuding tongue
clinical ocular features of Cat Scratch disease
- VA is impaired to a degree
- Papillitis associated with peripapillary & macular edema
- Macular star composed of hard exudates
- After several months, VA improve
- Fellow eye occasionally become involved but recurrences in same eye is uncommon
- Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome
- Focal choroiditis
- Intermediate uveitis
- Exudative maculopathy
- Retinal vascular occlusion
- Panuevitis
Spell out acronym for CHARGE syndrome
- Coloboma
- Heart defects
- Atresia choanae
- Retardation of Growth
- Genital Abnormalities
- Ear Abnomalities
This term refers to complete inability to produce speech & understand language
Aphasia
