public health, behaviour and nutrition Flashcards
systematic review
a review of the evidence on a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select and critically appraise relevant primary research
why randomise a trial?
to reduce bias
randomised control trial
population randomly assigned groups, one with intervention, the other with placebo
single blind
participant does not know whether they are recieving treatment
double blind
both the patient and researcher do not know who is recieving treatment/placebo
confounding
associatin between one exposure and outcome bc of another variable
systems thinking
interactions between different factors in a space time continuum
health belief model
predicts health behaviours by examining on an individuals perception of a threat caused and their attitudes/belief
theory of planned behaviour
looks at an individuals beliefs about the difficulty of change, behaviour and perception of norms with their behaviour
trans-theroetical model
decision making of the individual and their motivations with intentional change
herd immunity
the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination`
social prescribing
enables primary care services to refer patients with social, emotional or practical needs to local, non-clinical services in the community
public health
prevent disease, promote health and prolong life through organised efforts of society
epidemiology
study of the frequency, distribution and determinants of disease
risk factor
an attribute or exposure that is associated with an increased risk of disease
crude death rate
no of deaths out of whole population
standardisation
standardised mortality rates permit comparison of mortality rates between populations with different age/sex profiles
incidence
risk of contracting disease
prevalence
number of cases
incidence rate
no of new cases/ no of people at risk of developing disease in same time frame
prevalence rate
no of cases present of a disease at a specific time/ no of people at risk of having a disease at a specific time
challenges of feeding the world
inc in food price
nutrient rich food is hella expensive
sustainable diet
WHO: global nutritional targets
30% reduction in low birth weight
40% reduction in stunted
50% reduction of anaemia in women of reproductive age
50% increase in exclusive breatfeeding for first 6 months
no inc in obesity
reduce childhood waisting to 5%
stunted
not growing properly
