*Public Health Flashcards
What are the 3 types of prevention of disease?
Primary
secondary
Tertiary
Primary prevention?
Prevention of disease before it occurs
Secondary prevention?
Reduce the impact of a disease once it has occurred e.g. catching it early
Tertiary prevention?
Arresting the progress of a disease once it has developed and lessening the impact of its negative consequences
AAA risk factors?
Smoking Age Being male Family history of AAA Hypertension Atherosclerosis Hyperlipidaemia Being caucasian
What is the current NHS screening for AAA?
US for men in the year they turn 65
How do we communicate the different levels of risk?
Very common = a person in a family Common = a person in a street Uncommon = a person in a village Rare = a person in a small town Very rare = a person in a large town
What are examples of CVD?
Stroke
CHD
Hypertension
Diseases of arteries e.g. atherosclerosis
Diseases of veins e.g. deep vein thrombosis
Heart valve diseases e.g. rheumatic heart disease
Diseases of lymph vessels and capillaries e.g. lymphoedema
Modifiable risk factors for CV disease? (9)
Smoking Dyslipidaemia Raised blood pressure Diabetes mellitus Obesity Dietary factors Thrombogenic factors Lack of exercise Excess alcohol intake
Non-modifiable risk factors for CV disease? (5)
Personal history of CVD Family history of CVD Age Gender Deprivation?
What are the risk factors looked at in the ASSIGN score (the ones we care about in Scotland)? (8)
Age Gender Postcode Family history of CVD Diabetes Smoking Blood pressure Cholesterol
What does “high risk” mean?
20% chance of event in 10 years
Where does a lot of the evidence for CHD risk factors come from?
Farmingham study
Why does the Farmingham study underestimate the risk of CHD in high risk groups in the UK?
No deprivation score
No family history score
What are the 6 levels of evidence from the lowest to the best?
Editorials, expert opinion Case series, case reports Case-control studies Cohort studies Randomised controlled trials Systematic reviews
