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Study Notes - Cardiology > *Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

*Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the lung root?

A

Main bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary lymphatic vessels and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
Pulmonary visceral afferents and autonomic motor nerves

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2
Q

Divisions of pericardium

A 
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium (divided into visceral serious pericardium and parietal serous pericardium)
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3
Q

What is epicardium another name for

A

Visceral serous pericardium (secretes pericardial fluid)

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4
Q

What happens if pericardial cavity fills with blood?
Names
Treatment for this
Where is the needle inserted

A

Have haemopericardium and leads to a cardiac tamponade
Pericardiocentesis
Infrasternal angle

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5
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Space within the pericardial cavity posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

Surfaces of the heart

A

Anterior (sternocostal) surface
Base (posterior) surface
Inferior (diaphragmatic) surface

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7
Q

What often shifts the apex beat to the left

A

Cardiomegaly

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8
Q

What vessel sits in the coronary groove (coronary sulcus/ right atrioventricular groove)?
What does this groove mark?

A

Right coronary artery

The division between the right atrium and right ventricle (tricuspid valve)

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9
Q

Is the vagus nerve or phrenic nerve closer to the heart

A

Vagus nerve

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10
Q

What vessel lies in the anterior interventricular groove?

What does this groove indicate?

A

Left anterior descending artery

Boundary between the 2 ventricles

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11
Q

What sits in the posterior atrioventricular groove?

Purpose of this?

A

Coronary sinus

Receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

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12
Q

What normally sits in the posterior interventricular groove?

A

Posterior interventricular artery

Posterior interventircular vein

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13
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain?

A

SVC

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14
Q

What does the interatrial groove indicate

A

Boundary between the 2 atria

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15
Q

What does the coronary arteries do?

A

Provide an arterial blood supply to the myocardium and epicardium (located just deep to the epicardium usually embedded in adipose tissue)

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16
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise?

A

From the ascending aorta

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17
Q

What normally forms between the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery

A

A small anastomose

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18
Q

Grooves of the heart (5)

A 
coronary groove
left atrioventricular grove
anterior interventricular groove 
posterior interventiruclar groove
interatrial groove
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19
Q

2 parts of the septum?

A 
Interatrial septum (interatrial groove)
Interventricular septum (interventricular groove)
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20
Q

Where is the hole in an atrial septal defect and a ventricular septal defect?

A

interatrial septum

Interventircular spetum

21
Q

What blood vessels open into the right atrium?

A

SVC
IVC
coronary sinus

22
Q

Crista termanalis?

A

Smooth ridge of muscle in the lateral aspect of the RA which represents the junction between the sinus venosus and the heart

23
Q

Ovale fossa?

A

an oval depression on the lower part of the septum of the right atrium; it is a vestige of the foramen ovale, and its floor corresponds to the septum primum of the fetal heart;

24
Q

Tricuspid valve cusps?

A

Anterior, posterior and septal

25
Q

Pulmonary valve cusps

A

Anterior right and left

26
Q

Aortic valve cusps

A

Right left and posterior

27
Q

Mitral cusps

A

Anterior and posterior

28
Q

Which valve has sinuses (spaces within he cusps)

A

Aortic

29
Q

Which sinuses does the coronary arteries arise from

A

Right and left aortic sinuses

30
Q

Parts of tricuspid and mitral valves

A

valve Leaflets, tendinous cords, papillary muscles

31
Q

Moderator band?

Other name?

A

a thick bundle of muscle in the central part of the right ventricle of the heart. Carries fibres of the right bundle branch to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp
Septomarginal trabercula

32
Q

What may be visible in the interior of the left atrium

A

Remainders of the valve of foramen ovale

33
Q

What neve passes down each side of the pericardium?(as if fused to it)

A

The phrenic nerves

34
Q

Are the great vessels located within or out with the pericardium?

A

The proximal segments are within the pericardium which blends with their adventitia a little further distally

35
Q

What does the right subclavian vein join with and to form what?

A

Right subclavian vein joins with the Internal jugular vein to form the left brachiocephalic vein

36
Q

What joins to for the SVC?

A

The right brachiocephalic vein and the left brachiocephalic vein

37
Q

What is the first branch from the arch of the aorta?

A

The brachiocephalic trunk

38
Q

What joins to form the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

The right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

39
Q

What is the middle branch from the arch of the aorta?

A

The left common carotid artery

40
Q

What is the 3rd branch from the arch of the aorta?

A

The left subclavian artery

41
Q

What is the name of the 2 left pulmonary veins?

A

Superior and inferior left pulmonary veins

42
Q

Look at blood vessels coming from the heart diagrams

A

…

43
Q

What are the 2 named branches from the right coronary artery?

A

Right marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery

44
Q

Describe the coronary arteries on the left side of the heart?

A

Left (main stem) coronary artery branches from the ascending aorta
The most medial branch from this is the LAD (anterior inter ventricular artery) and from this branches the lateral (diagonal) branch
Left marginal artery also branches from the left coronary artery as well as the circumflex artery

45
Q

Auscultation site of the aortic valve?

A

2nd right intercostal space sternal edge

46
Q

Auscultation site of pulmonary valve?

A

2nd left intercostal space sternal edge

47
Q

Auscultation site for tricuspid valve?

A

Left lower sternal edge

48
Q

Auscultation site for mitral valve

A

5th left intercostal space midclavicular line

Study Notes - Cardiology (25 decks)

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