PUBLIC HEALTH 3A Flashcards
What is equality?
Giving everyone the same rights, opportunities and resources
What is equity?
Giving people what they need to achieve equal outcomes
What is horizontal equity?
Equal treatment for people with equal health care needs
What is vertical equity?
Unequal treatment for people with unequal healthcare needs
What is the inverse care law?
That the availability of health care tends to vary inversely with its need (e.g. developing countries)
What are the determinants of health?
- Age, sex and race
- Individual lifestyle factors
- Social and community networks
- Living and working conditions
- General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions
What does PROGRESS stand for in terms of the determinants of health?
Place of residence
Race
Occupation
Gender
Religion
Education
Socio-economin
Social capital
What are the 3 domains of public health practice?
Health improvement
Health protection
Improving services
What are the two methods of assessing quality of healthcare?
Maxwell’s dimensions
Structure, process, outcome
What are Maxwell’s dimensions of the quality of healthcare?
3 A’s:
Acceptability
Accessibility
Appropriateness
3 E’s:
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Equity
What does the structure, process, outcome assessment criteria look at?
Structure: what is there (e.g. no. hospitals)
Process: What happens? (e.g how many people seen)
Outcome: e.g. number of deaths
What is a health needs assessment?
A systematic approach for reviewing health issues affecting a population in order to enable agreed priorities and resource allocation to improve health and reduce inequalities
What does a health needs assessment look at?
The need for an intervention
The demand
The current supply
Give an example of a health needs assessment for antibiotics for routine vaccinations?
Needed and supplied but not demanded
What are the 4 types of need?
Felt need
Normative need
Expressed need
Comparative need
What is felt need?
An individual’s perception of variation from normal health.
What is expressed need?
Felt need turned into action- help seeking
What is normative need?
Need defined by experts (e.g. vaccinations)
What is comparative need?
Needs identified by comparing the services received by one group with another
What are the 3 perspectives when looking at a health needs assessment?
Epidemiological
Comparative
Corporate
What does the epidemiological perspective look at when doing a health needs assessment?
The size of the population
The services available
The evidence base
What does the comparative perspective look at when doing a health needs assessment?
Compares services/ outcomes received by a population with others
looks at health status, service provision and outcomes
What does the corporate perspective look at when doing a health needs assessment?
Asks local population what their health needs are.
What are the 3 different resource allocation models?
Egalitarian
Maximising
Libertarian