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Public Health > Health psychology > Flashcards

Health psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the health belief model?

A

That individuals will change if they believe:

  1. They are susceptible to the condition
  2. There are serious consequences
  3. That taking action reduces susceptibility
  4. That the benefits of taking action outweigh the costs
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2
Q

What factors affect the health belief model?

A 
Demographic variables (e.g. gender, age, culture) 
Psychological characteristics (e.g. personality, peer pressure)
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3
Q

What are the issues with the health belief model?

A

That alternative factors may predict health behaviour
It does not consider the influence of emotions on behaviour
Does not differentiate between first time and repeat behaviour
Misses cues to action

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4
Q

What other factors may alter health behaviour which are not included in the HBM?

A

Outcome expectancy

Self-efficacy

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5
Q

What is outcome expectancy?

A

That a persons feels they will be healthier as a result of their behaviour

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6
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

The persons belief in their ability to carry out preventative behaviour

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7
Q

What is the longest standing models of behaviour change?

A

Health belief model

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8
Q

Which factor in the health belief model is the most important factor to adress with patients?

A

Perceived barriers

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9
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

Theory that the best predictor of behaviour is intention

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10
Q

What factors determine a persons intention?

A

Persons attitude to the behaviour
Subjective norm
Perceived behavioural control (their ability to perform it)

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11
Q

What is subjective norm?

A

Perceived social pressure to undertake the behaviour (must be significant others opinions)

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12
Q

What is perceived behavioural control?

A

Persons appraisal of their ability to perform the behaviour

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13
Q

Give an example of the theory of planned behaviour:

A

Attitude: Smoking is bad
Subjective norm: My loved ones want me to stop smoking
Perceived behavioural control: I believe I have the ability to give up
= behavioural intention: I intend to give up smoking

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14
Q

What percentage of people fail to act on their intentions?

A

47%

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15
Q

What techniques can be used to help people act on their intentions?

A 
Perceived control
Anticipated regret
Preparatory actions
Implementation intentions
Relevance to self
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16
Q

What is perceived control?

A

That if they have been successful before they will be successful again

17
Q

What are preparatory actions?

A

Dividing a task into sub-goals to increase self-efficacy and satisfaction

18
Q

What are implementation intentions?

A

‘if-then’: translating intention into actual action by specifying time and context

19
Q

What are the critiques of the planned behaviour model?

A

There is a lack of direction/ causality
Doesn’t include emotions
Does not explain how attitudes, intentions and perceived behaviours interact
Does not include habits and routines which bypass cognitive deliberation
Relies on self-reported behaviour from questionairea

20
Q

What is the Transtheoretical model?

A

That there are 5 stages of change

21
Q

What are the proposed 5 stages of change?

A
  1. Precontemplation: Not ready yet
  2. Contemplation: Thinking about it
  3. Preparation: Getting ready
  4. Action: Doing it
  5. Maintenance: Sticking with it
22
Q

How is the stage model different to the other behavioural change models?

A

It does not automatically assume that all patients are starting at the same point
It accounts for relapse

23
Q

What are the advantages of the transtheoretical model?

A

Acknowledges individual stages of readiness

Accounts for relapse

24
Q

What are the critiques of the transtheoretical model?

A

People may miss stages/ not go in discrete stages

Doesn’t take other factors into account (e.g. emotions, values ect)

25
Q

What other factors are not considered in the behaviour change models?

A 
Impact of personality traits
Assessment of risk perception
Impact of past behaviour/ habit
Automatic influences 
Predictors of maintenance
Social environment
26
Q

What are the two different types of malnutrition?

A

Undernutrition and Overweight/ obesity & diet-related non-communicable diseases

27
Q

Which 4 things does undernutrition cause?

A

Stunting
Wasting
Underweight
Micronutrient deficiencies

28
Q

What is stunting?

A

Low height for age

29
Q

What is wasting?

A

Low weight for height

30
Q

What is sarcopenic obesity?

A

Class of obesity in older adults in which low skeletal muscle mass is coupled with high levels of adiposity

Public Health (4 decks)

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