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Public Health Flashcards

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0
Q

When was the first outbreak of Cholera?

A

1831

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1
Q

When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?

A

1861

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2
Q

How many people were killed during the first outbreak of cholera?

A

50,000 people.

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3
Q

When had the first cholera epidemic passed?

A

1832

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4
Q

When were more outbreaks of cholera?

A

1837 and 1838

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5
Q

Who was put in charge of the 1839 inquiry?

A

Edwin Chadwick.

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6
Q

When was the Report of the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain published?

A

1842

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7
Q

What did the Report of the Sanity Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain highlight the need for?

A

Cleaner streets and a cleaner water supply.

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8
Q

What was Parliament’s attitude?

A

Laissez-faire

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9
Q

When was the first Public Health Act passed?

A

1848

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10
Q

How many people were killed by cholera in 1848 and 1854?

A

60,000 people and 20,000 people.

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11
Q

By 1853 how many towns had set up boards of health?

A

103 towns.

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12
Q

When did John Snow make his breakthrough?

A

1854

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13
Q

When was the Great Stink?

A

The summer of 1858

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14
Q

Who built London’s sewers?

A

Joseph Bazalgette.

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15
Q

How much money was Joseph Bazalgette given to build London’s sewers by the government?

A

£3 million.

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16
Q

When was the Sanitary Act passed?

A

1866

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17
Q

When was the Housing Act passed?

A

1875

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18
Q

When was the Public Health Act passed?

A

1875

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19
Q

When were working class men given the vote?

A

1867

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20
Q

What acts did Disraeli make?

A

1875 - The Food and Drugs Act

1875 - Artisans Dwelling Act

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21
Q

What did Joseph Chamberlain do?

A

He demolished 90 acres of Birmingham’s slums and built open spaces.

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22
Q

What were 2 model villages and their owners?

A
  1. Port Sunlight built by the Lever brothers

2. Bourneville built by George Cadbury

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23
Q

What did Charles Booth do and find?

A

He invented the idea of the ‘poverty line’ and found that 35% of London’s East End lives below it.

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24
Q

What did Seebohm Rowntree define?

A

Primary and secondary poverty.

25
Q

What 3 things were parts of Lloyd-George’s People’s Budget?

A
  1. Free school meals
  2. 1908 - Pensions Act
  3. 1911 - National Insurance Act
26
Q

What 3 reasons did Lloyd-George have to make these acts?

A
  1. Needed healthy soldiers for the Boer War
  2. International competition (USA, Germany)
  3. The Labour Party was being introduced so he needed to gain the working class vote
27
Q

When were the main cholera epidemics?

A

1832, 1848 and 1854

28
Q

How many ml of fluid did cholera sufferers lose each hour due to diarrhoea and vomiting?

A

500ml

29
Q

What three things did people think caused cholera?

A

God, dirt in the streets and poisons in the air.

30
Q

What did Bishop Blomfield say in 1832 regarding why God sent cholera?

A

It was sent as “a sign to increase the comforts and improve the moral character of the masses”

31
Q

Who said cholera was “a sign to increase the comforts and improve the moral character of the masses” and when did they say it?

A

Bishop Blomfield in 1832

32
Q

What were drawings made of filthy streets captioned with and when were they made?

A

“A court for king cholera” in the 1840s.

33
Q

What did Dr Southwood Smith say in 1841 about miasma causing cholera?

A

“Cholera was due not to want of food and great misery… But to effluvial poisons”

34
Q

Who said “cholera was due not to want of food and great misery… But to effluvial poisons” and when did they say it?

A

Dr Southwood Smith in 1841

35
Q

Why didn’t the educated and wealthier people who lived in Britain in the 1890s know the extent of poverty?

A

Because of the extreme class divide.

36
Q

Who wrote a book called ‘Self Help’ about how people should help themselves out of poverty?

A

Samuel Smiles

37
Q

When did the government set up an inquiry to find out the living conditions and health of the poor was like in Britain?

A

1839

38
Q

How many medical officers had been appointed by 1872?

A

50

39
Q

How many miles of sewers did Bazalgette build in London?

A

83 miles

40
Q

How many gallons were removed per day in Bazalgette’s sewers?

A

420 million gallons

41
Q

When were the sewers finished by?

A

1871

42
Q

What did the 1866 Sanitary Act state?

A

Towns must install a proper water supply and sewage disposal system at once. Inspectors will check this has been done.

43
Q

What did the 1875 Housing Act state?

A

Councils have the power to pull down the worst houses in the worst areas and build better homes.

44
Q

What did the 1875 Public Health Act state?

A

Local councils must keep pavements lit, paved and clean. Sewers must be clear and rubbish cleaned from streets. Taxes may be increased to pay for this.

45
Q

In what year did the Conservative party win the election due to working class votes won partly on the basis of offers to improve public health?

A

1874

46
Q

In what year did Disraeli make The Rivers Pollution Prevention Act?

A

1876

47
Q

What beliefs did Joseph Chamberlain hold?

A

Unitarian beliefs

48
Q

Between what years did Port Sunlight exist?

A

1899 to 1914

49
Q

How many people lived in how many homes at Port Sunlight?

A

3,500 people in 800 houses

50
Q

What did both Cadbury and the Lever brothers promote in their model villages?

A

Temperance.

51
Q

When did Cadbury build Bournville?

A

1893

52
Q

What law began the use of workhouses?

A

The New Poor Law of 1834

53
Q

When were workhouses abolished?

A

1948

54
Q

What percentage of York’s population was found by Seebohm Rowntree to live below the poverty line?

A

28%

55
Q

What percentage of men who volunteered to fight in the Boer war were not fit to be soldiers?

A

40%

56
Q

What year was the provision of school meals reforms made?

A

1906

57
Q

What year were school medical inspections made compulsory?

A

1907

58
Q

In what year were labour exchanges set up to help the unemployed find work?

A

1909

59
Q

What did part 1 of the 1911 National Insurance Act give people?

A

The right to free medical care and sick pay of 10s a week for 26 weeks in return for a payment of 4d a week.

60
Q

What right did part 2 of the 1911 National Insurance Act give people?

A

The right to unemployment benefit of 7s 6d a week for 15 weeks for a payment of 2 1/2d a week.

History (7 decks)

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