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Nazi Germany Flashcards

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0
Q

When was the Paris Peace Conference?

A

January 1919

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1
Q

When did WW1 end?

A

11th of November 1918

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles given to Germany?

A

7th of May 1919

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3
Q

When did Germany accept the Treaty of Versailles?

A

28th of June 1919

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4
Q

What did Germans call the Treaty of Versailles?

A

‘The Shameful Diktat of Versailles’

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5
Q

What number of soldiers was the German army limited to?

A

100,000

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6
Q

What percentage of Germany’s land was lost due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

13%

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7
Q

How many people did Germany lose due to land loss from the Treaty of Versailles?

A

6 million people

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8
Q

In what year was the reparations commission fixed?

A

1921

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9
Q

What was the sum of the reparations?

A

£660 million

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10
Q

Why did Germany not like the reparations cost?

A

After losing 10% of its industry and 15% of its agricultural land it was unlikely Germany could afford it.

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11
Q

What did Germany especially dislike about the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Article 231: Germany was to blame for causing the First World War.
Germany believes they fought in self-defence.

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12
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

1920

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13
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

A right wing attempt to overthrow the government.

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14
Q

What did Kapp use to complete the putsch?

A

The Freikorps

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15
Q

How was the Kapp Putsch defeated?

A

Workers going on strike.

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16
Q

What are the 4 important parts of the Weimar constitution?

A
  1. Freedom of speech
  2. Proportional representation
  3. No death penalty
  4. Article 48 - rule by decree
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17
Q

How much in gold marks was Germany supposed to pay the Allies?

A

13200 million

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18
Q

In what year was the first instalment of the reparations paid?

A

1921

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19
Q

In what year did Germany announce that they could not afford the reparations instalments for the next 3 years?

A

1922

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20
Q

Why did the French invade the Ruhr?

A

To take what they were owed by force.

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21
Q

When did the French’s invasion of the Ruhr begin?

A

9th of January 1923

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22
Q

Why could the Germans not take military action against French during the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

The Treaty of Versailles meant they had lost a large part of their military.

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23
Q

What were the people of the Ruhr ordered to use against the French?

A

‘Passive resistance’

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24
Q

How many people were expelled from the Ruhr when they refused French orders?

A

150,000 people.

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25
Q

How many Germans were shot dead during the 8 months of French occupation of the Ruhr?

A

132 Germans.

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26
Q

What were the problems with passive resistance?

A
  1. No one was working so they could not earn money

2. The government could not make money from workers’ tax and there was no income from industry.

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27
Q

What did the government do to try to resolve the problems caused by passive resistance?

A

They printed more money.

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28
Q

What did printing more money lead to?

A

Hyperinflation.

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29
Q

What year did hyperinflation happen?

A

1923

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30
Q

Who was negatively affected by hyperinflation?

A
  1. Old people with pensions
  2. The middle class with savings
  3. Businessmen
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31
Q

Who was positively affected by hyperinflation?

A
  1. Workers who were protected by their company
  2. Debtors
  3. The rich who had wealth in things other than money
  4. Farmers
  5. Big businessmen
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32
Q

When did the government end passive resistance?

A

September 1923

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33
Q

What was the name of the Bavarian group led by Hitler?

A

The German Fighting Union.

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34
Q

What was the German Fighting Union’s aim?

A

To overthrow the national government in Berlin.

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35
Q

Who opposed the German Fighting Union’s plan?

A

The Bavarian leader, Ritter von Kahr.

36
Q

What did von Kahr want to do?

A

To make Bavaria an independent country.

37
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8th of November 1923

38
Q

What did Hitler force von Kahr to do during the Munich Putsch?

A

To support him.

39
Q

How many Nazis were killed during the Munich Putsch?

A

16 Nazis.

40
Q

What happened to Hitler after the failure of the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler was arrested.

41
Q

What were the failures of the Munich Putsch?

A
  1. 16 Nazis died
  2. Hitler was imprisoned
  3. Nazis were banned
  4. Lost local support
42
Q

What were the successes of the Munich Putsch?

A
  1. Nazis gained publicity
  2. Hitler is able to write ‘Mein Kampf’ in prison
  3. Learns to use the tactic of legality
43
Q

What was the name of the temporary currency issues after hyperinflation?

A

The Retenmark.

44
Q

What was the name of the currency issues after the Retenmark?

A

The Reichsmark.

45
Q

What did Germany do that made the French leave the Ruhr?

A

Germany agreed to begin paying reparations again.

46
Q

By what year was hyperinflation over?

A

1924

47
Q

What was Germany’s economy built on after hyperinflation?

A

Loans from the U.S.

48
Q

Who was responsible for the Dawe’s plan and improved foreign relations?

A

Stresemann.

49
Q

When did Stresemann sign the Locarno Treaties?

A

1925

50
Q

What else did Stresemann do for Germany other than sign the Locarno Treaties, improve foreign relations and set up the Dawe’s plan?

A

He joined Germany to the League of Nations.

51
Q

What were some of the Nazi Party policies?

A
  1. Ein Volk
  2. Ein Führer
  3. Lebensraum
  4. Anti-semitism
  5. No individual rights
52
Q

What year did the Wall Street Crash happen?

A

1929

53
Q

What did the Wall Street Crash mean for Germany’s economy?

A

Germany’s economy crashed - it could not pay the U.S. back for its loans or lay the reparations.

54
Q

How many were left unemployed and directly affected?

A

6 million were left unemployed and 23 million were directly affected.

55
Q

What did Germany’s chaotic government undermine?

A

Democracy.

56
Q

How many seats did the Nazis win in the 1930 elections?

A

The nazis went from having 12 seats to 107 seats.

57
Q

Who was the Chancellor in 1930?

A

Brüning.

58
Q

Who was the chancellor in 1932?

A

Von Papen.

59
Q

Who was the chancellor in 1933?

A

Schleicher.

60
Q

In what year did the Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag?

A

1932

61
Q

In what year did Hindenberg appoint Hitler as Chancellor?

A

1933

62
Q

Why were the 5 main reasons why Hindenberg appointed Hitler as Chancellor?

A
  1. The Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag
  2. All alternatives had failed
  3. Nazis were better than Communists
  4. It was better to keep the Nazis close than against them
  5. People believed Hitler was a controllable fool
63
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th of February 1933

64
Q

What parts of the constitution did the Law for the Protection of the People and State suspend?

A
  1. Article 114
  2. Article 117
  3. Article 118
  4. Article 124
65
Q

What is Article 114 of the Weimar constitution?

A

Personal freedom.

66
Q

What is Article 117 of the Weimar constitution?

A

Secrecy of correspondence.

67
Q

What is Article 118 of the Weimar constitution?

A

Expression of opinions.

68
Q

What is Article 124 of the Weimar constitution?

A

Right to form societies and associations.

69
Q

What did Nazis do to their political opponents?

A

Oppress and arrest them.

70
Q

What did Hitler do to form a narrow majority after the 1933 elections?

A

Hitler struck a deal with the Nationalists.

71
Q

How was the enabling act passed?

A
  1. By stationing armed SA men inside the chamber
  2. By having a mob outside the building
  3. By imprisoning opponents
  4. By not allowing Communists to vote
72
Q

When was the enabling act passed?

A

March 1933

73
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

June 1934

74
Q

Why did Hitler carry out the Night of the Long Knives?

A
  1. Röhm was too powerful
  2. Hitler gained votes by backing the army
  3. Hitler won support of the public
  4. He sent a strong message to other opponents
75
Q

Why did Hitler form Nazi youth groups?

A

Teaching Nazi ideas to children would form a generation of loyal Nazis.

76
Q

When was the Hitler Youth founded?

A

1926

77
Q

When did membership to the Hitler Youth become compulsory and when did it last until?

A

It became compulsory in 1936 and lasted until 1945.

78
Q

What were the girls in the League of German Maidens trained in?

A

Domestic skills like sewing and cooking.

79
Q

How did the Nazis change education?

A
  1. No Jewish people could teach in schools or universities
  2. Most teachers joined the Nazi Teachers’ Association and were trained in Nazi methods
  3. Children had to report teachers who didn’t use Nazi methods
  4. Textbooks were re-written to fit Nazi ideas
  5. PE time was increased
  6. Students burned anti-Nazi and Jewish books
80
Q

What did the Nazis make girls think was their most important job?

A

To choose and ‘aryan’ husband and produce large families for Germany.

81
Q

How were women rewarded for having many children?

A

They were given levels of awards depending on the number of children they had.

82
Q

In what year were women banned from being lawyers?

A

1936

83
Q

In what year were women urged to go back to work and why?

A

After 1937 because of a shortage of workers.

84
Q

Why was the Nazi party against Christianity?

A

Because it’s teaching of people was seen as incompatible with Nazi ideas.

85
Q

When did Hitler sign the Concordat with the Catholic Church?

A

1933

86
Q

What was the Concordat with the Catholic Church supposed to promise?

A

No interference between each other. However the Nazis dos try to curb the influence of the church and some Catholics protested against Nazi policies.

87
Q

What did Hitler try to do with the different Protestant churches?

A

He tries to unite the different Protestant churches into one Reich Church.

88
Q

Who did Hitler palace at the head of the Reich Church?

A

The Nazi Bishop, Ludwig Müller.

History (7 decks)

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