Public Health Flashcards
What are the 3 domains of public health?
- health improvement
- health protection
- health care
What is health improvement?
- social interventions aimed at preventing disease, promoting health, reducing inequalities
- encompasses education, housing and employment
- screening programmes
What is health protection?
- measures to control infectious disease and environmental hazards
- notifying diseases
- contact tracing
What is health care?
- organisation and delivery of safe, high-quality services for prevention, treatment and care
- auditing and improving recommendations
What is health behaviour?
- behaviour aimed to prevent disease
What is illness behaviour?
behaviour to seek remedy
What is sick role behaviour?
behaviour aimed at getting well e.g. resting
What is health promotion?
- process of enabling people to exert control over their health
Give examples of health promotion at a population level?
- awareness campaigns
- screening
- immunisations
Give an example of health promotion at an individual level
- patient centred approach
- care responsive to individual needs
What is unrealistic optimism?
- individuals continue to practice health damaging behaviours
- inaccurate perceptions of risk and susceptibility
What 4 factors influence perception of risk?
- lack of personal experience
- preventable by personal action
- if it hasn’t happened by now, it isn’t likely to
- infrequent problem
What is the health belief model?
- perceived barriers are the most important factor in addressing behaviour change
What are the 4 parts of the health belief model?
- Believe they are susceptible to the condition
- Believe that it has serious consequences
- Believe that taking action reduces susceptibility
- Believe that the costs of taking action outweigh the benefits
What are the pros and cons of the health belief model?
- can be applied to wide variety of behaviours
- other factors may influence outcome, doesn’t consider emotions, doesn’t differentiate between first time and repeated
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Best predictor of behaviour
change is intention
What are the 3 determinants of the theory of planned behaviour?
- Personal attitude
- Social pressure to change (social norm)
- perceived behavioural control
What are the stages of the transtheoretical model of change?
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
What is nudging?
- nudging the environment to make the best option easiest
- e.g. fruit at checkout
What is the social norms theory?
- behaviour influenced by social norms in their group
- leads to misperceptions
What is motivational interviewing? RULE
- enhance a patient’s motivation to change, resolve ambivalence
- Resist righting reflex
- understand their motivations
- listen with empathy
- empower patient
What are the determinants of health?
- genes
- environment
- lifestyle
- healthcare
What is horizontal equity?
- equal treatment for equal need
What is vertical equity?
- unequal treatment for unequal need