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Osha 3a > Paeds Derm > Flashcards

Paeds Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is an exanthema?

A
  • eruptive widespread rash
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2
Q

What is measles and how does it spread?

A
  • caused by measles virus
  • spread by droplets
  • symptoms start 10-12 days post exposure
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3
Q

What are Koplik spots?

A
  • greyish white spots on buccal mucosa
  • appear 2 days after fever
  • pathognomic for measles
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4
Q

How does measles present?

A
  • rash on face starting behind ears
  • occurs 3-5 days after fever
  • spreads to rest of body
  • resolves after 7-10 days
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5
Q

How is the measles rash described?

A
  • erythematous
  • macular
  • flat lesions
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6
Q

What are complications of measles?

A
  • otitis media
  • pneumonia
  • encephalitis
  • hearing loss
  • death
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7
Q

How is measles contained?

A
  • notifiable disease to PHE
  • isolation until 4 days after symptoms resolve
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8
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A
  • group A strep infection
  • caused by exotoxin produced by strep pyogenes
  • associated with tonsillitis
  • not caused by a virus
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9
Q

How can the scarlet fever rash be described?

A
  • red-pink
  • blotchy
  • macular rash
  • rough sandpaper skin
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10
Q

How does scarlet fever present?

A
  • rash starts on trunk and spreads outwards
  • red, flushed cheeks
  • fever, lethargy
  • sore throat
  • strawberry tongue
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11
Q

How is scarlet fever managed?

A
  • Penicillin V for 10 days
  • notify PHE
  • keep off school until 24h after starting Abx
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12
Q

What are complications of scarlet fever?

A
  • post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • acute rheumatic fever
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13
Q

What is rubella and how does it spread?

A
  • caused by rubella virus
  • spread by resp droplets
  • symptoms start 2 weeks post exposure
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14
Q

How is the rubella rash described?

A
  • mild erythematous rash
  • starts on face and spreads to rest of body
  • lasts 3 days
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15
Q

How does rubella present?

A
  • mild fever
  • joint pain
  • sore throat
  • lymphadenopathy
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16
Q

How is rubella managed?

A
  • supportive
  • notify PHE
  • keep off school for >5 days after rash appears
  • avoid pregnant women
17
Q

What are complications of rubella?

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • encephalitis
  • congenital rubella syndrome
18
Q

What is congenital rubella syndrome?

A
  • deafness
  • blindness
  • congenital heart disease
19
Q

What is Duke’s disease?

A
  • non-specific viral rashes
20
Q

What is parvovirus B19?

A
  • slapped cheek syndrome
  • caused by parvovirus B19 virus
21
Q

How does parvovirus B19 present?

A
  • starts with mild fever, coryza
  • muscle aches and lethargy
  • rash appears after 2-5 days
22
Q

Describe the parvovirus B19 rash

A
  • diffuse bright red rash on both cheeks
  • few days later: reticular mildly erythematous rash
  • affects trunk and limbs
  • raised and itchy
23
Q

How is parvovirus B19 managed?

A
  • supportive
  • fluid and analgesia
  • symptoms fade over 1-2 weeks
  • contagious prior to rash but not after
24
Q

Who is at risk from complications from parvovirus?

A
  • immunocompromised
  • pregnant
  • sickle cell anaemia
  • thalassaemia
25
Q

What testing is done for patients at risk of complication from parvovirus?

A
  • serology testing
  • FBC and reticulocyte count
  • check for aplastic anaemia
26
Q

What are complications of parvovirus?

A
  • Aplastic anaemia
  • Encephalitis or meningitis
  • fetal death
27
Q

What is roseola and what is the cause?

A
  • roseola infantum
  • HHV-6 or HHV-7
28
Q

How does roseola present?

A
  • 1-2 weeks after infection
  • sudden high fever for 3-5 days
  • coryza symptoms
  • sore throat and lymphademopathy
  • rash after fever settles
29
Q

Describe the roseola rash

A
  • appears for 1-2 days
  • mild erythematous
  • macular
  • across arms, legs, trunk, face
  • not itchy
30
Q

What is the main complication of roseola?

A
  • febrile convulsions
  • myocarditis or Guillain-Barre if immunocompromised
31
Q

What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A
  • immune-complex mediated hypersensitivity disorder
  • ranges from mild to severe
  • including toxic epidermal necrolysis
32
Q

How does SJS present?

A
  • non-specific symptoms of fever, cough, sore throat and mouth
  • sore eyes and itchy skin
  • eyes inflamed
  • can affect urinary tract, lungs, internal organs
33
Q

Describe the rash in SJS

A
  • purple red
  • spreads across skin and blisters
  • skin breaks away and sheds
  • also happens to lips and mucous membranes
34
Q

How is SJS/TEN managed?

A
  • medical emergencies
  • admit to hospital
  • supportive care
  • steroids
  • immunoglobulins
  • immunosuppresants
35
Q

What is eczema?

A
  • chronic atopic condition
  • defects in skin barrier
  • leads to inflammation
36
Q

What is the epidemiology of eczema?

A
  • genetic component
  • no single inheritance pattern
  • prevalence decreases with age
  • FHx of atopy is significant
  • urbanisation associated with higher prevalence
37
Q

What is the pathophysiology of eczema?

A
  • defects in skin barrier
  • provides entrance for irritants, microbes and allergens
  • creates immune response
  • results in inflammation etc

Osha 3a (14 decks)

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