public health Flashcards
Which type of oral health care covers the most prevalent oral health problems through an agreed set of safe, quality and cost effective interventions at the individual and community level to promote and protect oral health and quality of life?
a. advanced
b. basic
c. community
d. emergency
e. essential
f. urgent
B - Basic
Which type of oral health care describes interventions for oral diseases and conditions that are serious in terms of bleeding, infection, swelling or pain or that otherwise impact with significant consequences if left unattended?
a. advanced
b. basic
c. community
d. emergency
e. essential
f. urgent
F - Urgent
Which type of oral health care describes a minimum subset of essential oral health care services that are universally available to everyone in a given population, regardless of the ability to pay?
a. advanced
b. basic
c. community
d. emergency
e. essential
f. urgent
E - Essential
Which type of service does not carry the connotation of higher quality but rather indicates that the interventions may be seen as elective or nonessential?
a. advanced
b. basic
c. community
d. emergency
e. essential
f. urgent
A - Advanced
Which type of oral health care deals with potentially life threatening conditions that require treatment to stop ongoing tissue bleeding, alleviate severe pain or infection?
a. advanced
b. basic
c. community
d. emergency
e. essential
f. urgent
D - Emergency
An aspect of what is potentially the most cost-effective mechanism to reduce the burden of disease across multiple morbidities.
- smoking = disease in question *
a. longevity
b. nicorette
c. physical trauma
d. sloth
e. stochastic events
B - Nicorette
Efforts to manage this have led to improved health-related quality of life and objectively measured physical function and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms.
a. longevity
b. nicorette
c. physical trauma
d. sloth
e. stochastic events
D - Sloth
May be determined using sensitivity analyses, when accounting for the severity of the conditions, at 45 years, participants with poor health and multimorbiding had 9.00 years lower life expectancy compared to those with good health without multi morbidity.
a. longevity
b. nicorette
c. physical trauma
d. sloth
e. stochastic events
A - Longevity
Exacerbated by frailty syndrome associated with multimorbidity in older adults and may lead to permanent disability.
a. longevity
b. nicorette
c. physical trauma
d. sloth
e. stochastic events
C - Physical Trauma.
Multimorbidity may cause increase beyond the sum associated with each individual condition.
a. longevity
b. nicorette
c. physical trauma
d. sloth
e. stochastic events
E - Stochastic Events
(random events)
Disease Prevention
The decline in stroke mortality in the USA since 1973.
- demographic trend
- prevention paradox
- primary disease prevention
- secondary disease prevention
- tertiary disease prevention
Demographic Trend
Disease Prevention
The NHS breast cancer screening programme.
- demographic trend
- prevention paradox
- primary disease prevention
- secondary disease prevention
- tertiary disease prevention
Secondary Disease Prevention
detecting early stages of disease before full symptoms develop (often occurs in the form of screenings).
Disease Prevention
Prescription of statins to everyone aged over 50.
- demographic trend
- prevention paradox
- primary disease prevention
- secondary disease prevention
- tertiary disease prevention
Primary Disease Prevention
prevention of disease before it occurs.
Disease Prevention
Action to reduce the prevalence of risk factors for a disease.
- demographic trend
- prevention paradox
- primary disease prevention
- secondary disease prevention
- tertiary disease prevention
Primary Disease Prevention
Disease Prevention
A cardiac rehabilitation programme.
- demographic trend
- prevention paradox
- primary disease prevention
- secondary disease prevention
- tertiary disease prevention
Tertiary Disease Prevention
aims to reduce the severity of the disease after diagnosis, looks to improve quality of life.
Disease Prevention
Which prevention technique makes use of broader streatergy approaches such as public education, social marketing, media advocacy and media literacy to influence community norms and increase public awareness of issues?
a. environmental prevention
b. indicated prevention
c. primary prevention
d. secondary preventions
e. tertiary prevention
A - environmental prevention
Disease Prevention
A type of preventative medicine in which early signs of behavioural disorders are detected by a screening process, before they can develop and cause serious damage to the health of an individual. Individuals identified at this stage have not yet reached the point where a diagnosis can be made.
a. environmental prevention
b. indicated prevention
c. primary prevention
d. secondary preventions
e. tertiary prevention
B - indicated prevention
(individuals who are identified as having early signs or are at high risk of a disease - aims to prevent progression)
Disease Prevention
The use of condoms in the prevention of HIV infection and the development of needle exchange systems for IV drug users in order to prevent the spread of Hep B and HIV.
a. environmental prevention
b. indicated prevention
c. primary prevention
d. secondary preventions
e. tertiary prevention
C - primary prevention
Disease Prevention
A pt is recommended to take low dose aspirin daily as a way of preventing a first or second heart attack.
a. environmental prevention
b. indicated prevention
c. primary prevention
d. secondary preventions
e. tertiary prevention
D - secondary prevention
(because the person already has heart disease so this aims to prevent the consequences of that)
Disease Prevention
A pt was diagnosed with age related macular degeneration 2 years ago and has vision loss since that time. They now attend an AMD clinic several times a year to assess the further development of any abnormal blood vessels beneath the macula of the eye.
a. environmental prevention
b. indicated prevention
c. primary prevention
d. secondary preventions
e. tertiary prevention
E - tertiary prevention
(looks at improving quality of life)
Healthcare Needs
A comparison of the levels of services between different populations taking into account characteristics such as demography, mortality and morbidity.
a. Bradshaw’s Classification of Needs
b. Health Needs Assessment
c. Inverse Care Law
d. NHS Postcode Lottery
B - health needs assessment
Healthcare Needs
A systematic method of identifying unmet health and health care needs of a population.
a. Bradshaw’s Classification of Needs
b. Health Needs Assessment
c. Inverse Care Law
d. NHS Postcode Lottery
B - health needs assessment
Healthcare Needs
Pts from poor socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to develop coronary heart disease but less likely to be investigated and undergo surgery.
a. Bradshaw’s Classification of Needs
b. Health Needs Assessment
c. Inverse Care Law
d. NHS Postcode Lottery
C - inverse care law
Healthcare Needs
Includes individual perception of variations from normal health.
a. Bradshaw’s Classification of Needs
b. Health Needs Assessment
c. Inverse Care Law
d. NHS Postcode Lottery
A - Bradshaw’s Classification of Needs
(normative, felt, expressed and comparative needs)
Healthcare Needs
According to the CQC ‘State of Care’ Report, this may describe a failure to integrate care within the Health Service.
a. Bradshaw’s Classification of Needs
b. Health Needs Assessment
c. Inverse Care Law
d. NHS Postcode Lottery
C - inverse care law
Epidemiology Definitions
A disease maintained in a given geographic area or population group without the need for external input.
a. outbreak
b. endemic
c. epidemic
d. incidence
e. pandemic
f. prevalence
B - endemic
Epidemiology Definitions
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community (regional or national) at a particular time.
a. outbreak
b. endemic
c. epidemic
d. incidence
e. pandemic
f. prevalence
C - epidemic
Epidemiology Definitions
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community (international) at a particular time.
a. outbreak
b. endemic
c. epidemic
d. incidence
e. pandemic
f. prevalence
E - pandemic
Epidemiology Definitions
The number of new cases of disease in a population within a given time period.
a. outbreak
b. endemic
c. epidemic
d. incidence
e. pandemic
f. prevalence
D - incidence
Epidemiology Definitions
The total number of cases of disease in a population.
a. outbreak
b. endemic
c. epidemic
d. incidence
e. pandemic
f. prevalence
F - prevalence
Radiation Dose
Estimate the average annual dose of radiation exposure in the UK in mSv.
a. 0 msv
b. 0.0001 mSv
c. 2.5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 1000 mSv
C - 2.5 mSv
Radiation Dose
What is the annual dose limit for the whole body of an adult at work in mSv?
a. 0 msv
b. 0.0001 mSv
c. 2.5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 1000 mSv
D - 20 mSv
Radiation Dose
Estimate the banana equivalent dose by eating a typical banana.
a. 0 msv
b. 0.0001 mSv
c. 2.5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 1000 mSv
B - 0.0001 mSv
Radiation Dose
Dose associated with a 5.5% increase in the probability of developing cancer.
a. 0 msv
b. 0.0001 mSv
c. 2.5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 1000 mSv
E - 1000 mSv
Radiation Dose
Maximum radiation dose that is without effect.
a. 0 mSv
b. 0.0001 mSv
c. 2.5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 1000 mSv
A - 0 mSv
