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2. EMI > oral and biological disease management > Flashcards

oral and biological disease management Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Medical Emergency

Breathlessness and expiratory wheeze, inability to complete sentences in one breath.

RR = less than 25 per min
Pulse = less than 110/min

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Name the Medical Emergency

Feeling faint/dizzy/lightheaded.
Collapse and loss of consciousness with sweating, pallor, bradycardia and low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting.

A

Syncope

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3
Q

Name the Medical Emergency

Shaking / trembling, slurred speech and vagueness, sweating and pallor, blurred vision, lethargy, confusion/aggression and loss of consciousness.

A

Hypoglycaemia

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4
Q

Name the Medical Emergency

Sudden collapse and loss of consciousness, rigidity, cyanosis, jerking movements of limbs, noisy breathing, bitten tongue, frothing at the mouth, incontinence.

A

Epilepsy

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5
Q

Name the Medical Emergency

Sudden onset, urticaria/angioedema, flushing and pallor, respiratory distress stridor, wheeze, hypotension and tachycardia.

A

Anaphylaxis

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6
Q

SOCRATES

Individual pain threshold may determine the relationship between this and seeking therapeutic treatment.

A

Onset

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7
Q

SOCRATES

May be achieved by stimulating activity in A beta neurones that branch in the dorsal horn before entering the dorsal columns.

A

Exacerbations

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8
Q

SOCRATES

May be difficult to determine if the pain is of neuropathic origin.

A

Site

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9
Q

SOCRATES

The description of neuropathic pain using terms such as shooting, burning, stabbing or electric shock-like.

A

Character

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10
Q

SOCRATES

May be described in terms of duration and using words such as mild, distracting, moderate etc.

A

Severity

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11
Q

What is the FDI notation for permanent teeth?

A

UR - 1
UL - 2
LL - 3
LR - 4

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12
Q

Using FDI notation, which tooth is the least vulnerable to caries or trauma?

A

13 and 23 (upper canines)

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13
Q

Using FDI notation, which teeth are vulnerable to the non-carious tooth surface loss associated with gastrointestinal-oesophageal reflux disease?

A

11, 12, 21, 22

(upper anteriors, think where it hits when it comes up)

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14
Q

Using FDI notation, which teeth are at increased risk of trauma in a class II div I malocclusion?

A

11, 12, 21, 22

(because incisors stick out in class 2 div 1).

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15
Q

Using FDI notation, which teeth are commonly missing in individuals with mild congenital hypodontia?

A

35, 45

(lower 5s usually missing in hypodontia).

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16
Q

Using FDI notation, which teeth are at greatest risk of caries due to a combination of morphology and eruption dates.

A

16, 26, 36, 46

(all 6s)

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17
Q

A possible outcome of dependence on fruit juice at bed time in toddlers.

  • bruxism
  • erosion
  • gingivitis
  • leukoplakia
  • periodontitis
  • pulpitis
  • rampant caries
  • xerostomia
A

Rampant Caries

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18
Q

May be masked by a nicotine induced reduction in blood flow and reversed following smoking cessation.

  • bruxism
  • erosion
  • gingivitis
  • leukoplakia
  • periodontitis
  • pulpitis
  • rampant caries
  • xerostomia
A

Gingivitis

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19
Q

May be associated with p53 overexposure

  • bruxism
  • erosion
  • gingivitis
  • leukoplakia
  • periodontitis
  • pulpitis
  • rampant caries
  • xerostomia
A

Leukoplakia

(p53 is a tumour suppressor gene - leukoplakia can be malignant)

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20
Q

An unfortunate consequence of overindulgence in white wine.

A

Erosion

21
Q

Associated with the abuse of opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana and MDMA

  • bruxism
  • erosion
  • gingivitis
  • leukoplakia
  • periodontitis
  • pulpitis
  • rampant caries
  • xerostomia
A

Xerostomia

22
Q

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find adenocarcinomas?

A

Parotid Gland

(because it contains a larger amount of glandular tissue compared to the others, making it more susceptible to adenocarcinomas)

23
Q

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer?

A

The tongue.

24
Q

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find minor apthous ulcers?

A

Buccal Mucosa

25
Q

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find sialadenitis?

A

Parotid Gland

  • sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland.
  • more common in the parotid due to larger size and complex duct system which makes it more susceptible to blockages.
26
Q

Oral Lesions and Infections

Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find SCCs.

A

Tongue

(lateral borders)

27
Q

Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

Associated with salivary gland enlargement and dysguesia.

  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Hashimoto’s Disease
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Silent TSH Adenoma
  • Type 1 Diabetes
A

Hashimoto’s Disease

28
Q

Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

In the severest form, it can cause enlargement of both jaws and such cases are known as osteitis fibrosa cystica.

  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Hashimoto’s Disease
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Silent TSH Adenoma
  • Type 1 Diabetes
A

Hyperparathyroidism

29
Q

Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

Associated with abnormal lip pigmentation, halitosis, periodontitis and candidiasis.

  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Hashimoto’s Disease
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Silent TSH Adenoma
  • Type 1 Diabetes
A

Chronic Kidney Disease

30
Q

Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

Signs and symptoms include increased susceptibility to caries and increased risk of burning mouth syndrome/sjogren’s.

  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Hashimoto’s Disease
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Silent TSH Adenoma
  • Type 1 Diabetes
A

Hyperparathyroidism

31
Q

Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease

Dental signs include anterior open bite, delayed eruption and enamel hypoplasia.

  • Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Hashimoto’s Disease
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Silent TSH Adenoma
  • Type 1 Diabetes
A

Hashimoto’s Disease

32
Q

Periodontal Terms

Where bone loss, usually from periodontal disease, affects the base of the root trunk of a tooth where 2 or more roots meet.

  • abfraction
  • furcation lesion
  • material alba
  • metaplasia
  • pyogenic granuloma
  • stomatitis medicamentosa
A

Furcation Lesion

33
Q

Periodontal Terms

The hypothetical process leading to the loss of cervical tooth structure due to a combination of abrasion, erosion, and/or occlusal forces.

  • abfraction
  • furcation lesion
  • material alba
  • metaplasia
  • pyogenic granuloma
  • stomatitis medicamentosa
A

Abfraction

34
Q

Periodontal Terms

A reactive overgrowth possibly in response to local irritation or trauma. Often ulcerated and may be smooth or lobulated.

  • abfraction
  • furcation lesion
  • material alba
  • metaplasia
  • pyogenic granuloma
  • stomatitis medicamentosa
A

Pyogenic Granuloma

(benign skin growth triggered by trauma / hormones)

35
Q

Periodontal Terms

A change from 1 adult cell type to another form which is not normal to that tissue.

  • abfraction
  • furcation lesion
  • material alba
  • metaplasia
  • pyogenic granuloma
  • stomatitis medicamentosa
A

Metaplasia

36
Q

Periodontal Terms

Loosely adherent, white curds of matter composed of dead cells, food debris and other components of the dental plaque found on the tooth.

  • abfraction
  • furcation lesion
  • material alba
  • metaplasia
  • pyogenic granuloma
A

Material Alba

37
Q

Bacterium associated with secondary endodontic infection:

a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia

A

A - enterococcus faecalis

38
Q

Bacterium associated with dental caries:

a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia

A

D - strep mutans

39
Q

Bacterium associated with otitis media:

a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia

A

E - streptococcus pneumonia

40
Q

Bacterium associated with necrotising ulcerative gingivitis:

a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia

A

C - prevotella intermedia

41
Q

Bacterium associated with stomach ulcers:

a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus murals
e. streptococcus pneumonia

A

C - helicobacter pylori

42
Q

Dental Plaque

Which bacterial structure contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance?

a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid

A

E - plasmid

43
Q

Dental Plaque

Name the appendages that aid in adhesion which can be found on G-ve periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis.

a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid

A

A - fimbriae

(hair-like structures)

44
Q

Dental Plaque

Which cell wall structure helps to retain primary stain and characteristic colour to G+ve bacteria?

a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid

A

D - peptidoglycan

45
Q

Dental Plaque

Name the outer membrane virulent factor found in G-ve periodontal pathogen P.gingivalis.

a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid

A

C - lipopolysaccharide

46
Q

Dental Plaque

Long, thin filaments which aid bacterial motility.

a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid

A

B - flagella

47
Q

Embryology of the Tooth

Gives rise to Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath during root formation.

a. cap stage
b. cervical loops
c. crown stage
d. dental lamina
e. first branchial arch

A

B - cervical loop

48
Q

Embryology of the Tooth

Contains mature ameloblasts.

a. cap stage
b. cervical loops
c. crown stage
d. dental lamina
e. first branchial arch

A

C - crown stage

49
Q

Embryology of the Tooth

First present in a 6 week old foetus. The first evidence of tooth development.

a. cap stage
b. cervical loops
c. crown stage
d. dental lamina
e. first branchial arch

A

D - dental lamina

2. EMI (9 decks)

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