oral and biological disease management Flashcards
Name the Medical Emergency
Breathlessness and expiratory wheeze, inability to complete sentences in one breath.
RR = less than 25 per min
Pulse = less than 110/min
Asthma
Name the Medical Emergency
Feeling faint/dizzy/lightheaded.
Collapse and loss of consciousness with sweating, pallor, bradycardia and low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting.
Syncope
Name the Medical Emergency
Shaking / trembling, slurred speech and vagueness, sweating and pallor, blurred vision, lethargy, confusion/aggression and loss of consciousness.
Hypoglycaemia
Name the Medical Emergency
Sudden collapse and loss of consciousness, rigidity, cyanosis, jerking movements of limbs, noisy breathing, bitten tongue, frothing at the mouth, incontinence.
Epilepsy
Name the Medical Emergency
Sudden onset, urticaria/angioedema, flushing and pallor, respiratory distress stridor, wheeze, hypotension and tachycardia.
Anaphylaxis
SOCRATES
Individual pain threshold may determine the relationship between this and seeking therapeutic treatment.
Onset
SOCRATES
May be achieved by stimulating activity in A beta neurones that branch in the dorsal horn before entering the dorsal columns.
Exacerbations
SOCRATES
May be difficult to determine if the pain is of neuropathic origin.
Site
SOCRATES
The description of neuropathic pain using terms such as shooting, burning, stabbing or electric shock-like.
Character
SOCRATES
May be described in terms of duration and using words such as mild, distracting, moderate etc.
Severity
What is the FDI notation for permanent teeth?
UR - 1
UL - 2
LL - 3
LR - 4
Using FDI notation, which tooth is the least vulnerable to caries or trauma?
13 and 23 (upper canines)
Using FDI notation, which teeth are vulnerable to the non-carious tooth surface loss associated with gastrointestinal-oesophageal reflux disease?
11, 12, 21, 22
(upper anteriors, think where it hits when it comes up)
Using FDI notation, which teeth are at increased risk of trauma in a class II div I malocclusion?
11, 12, 21, 22
(because incisors stick out in class 2 div 1).
Using FDI notation, which teeth are commonly missing in individuals with mild congenital hypodontia?
35, 45
(lower 5s usually missing in hypodontia).
Using FDI notation, which teeth are at greatest risk of caries due to a combination of morphology and eruption dates.
16, 26, 36, 46
(all 6s)
A possible outcome of dependence on fruit juice at bed time in toddlers.
- bruxism
- erosion
- gingivitis
- leukoplakia
- periodontitis
- pulpitis
- rampant caries
- xerostomia
Rampant Caries
May be masked by a nicotine induced reduction in blood flow and reversed following smoking cessation.
- bruxism
- erosion
- gingivitis
- leukoplakia
- periodontitis
- pulpitis
- rampant caries
- xerostomia
Gingivitis
May be associated with p53 overexposure
- bruxism
- erosion
- gingivitis
- leukoplakia
- periodontitis
- pulpitis
- rampant caries
- xerostomia
Leukoplakia
(p53 is a tumour suppressor gene - leukoplakia can be malignant)
An unfortunate consequence of overindulgence in white wine.
Erosion
Associated with the abuse of opiates, amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana and MDMA
- bruxism
- erosion
- gingivitis
- leukoplakia
- periodontitis
- pulpitis
- rampant caries
- xerostomia
Xerostomia
Oral Lesions and Infections
Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find adenocarcinomas?
Parotid Gland
(because it contains a larger amount of glandular tissue compared to the others, making it more susceptible to adenocarcinomas)
Oral Lesions and Infections
Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer?
The tongue.
Oral Lesions and Infections
Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find minor apthous ulcers?
Buccal Mucosa
Oral Lesions and Infections
Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find sialadenitis?
Parotid Gland
- sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland.
- more common in the parotid due to larger size and complex duct system which makes it more susceptible to blockages.
Oral Lesions and Infections
Where in the oral cavity are you most likely to find SCCs.
Tongue
(lateral borders)
Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Associated with salivary gland enlargement and dysguesia.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hashimoto’s Disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Silent TSH Adenoma
- Type 1 Diabetes
Hashimoto’s Disease
Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
In the severest form, it can cause enlargement of both jaws and such cases are known as osteitis fibrosa cystica.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hashimoto’s Disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Silent TSH Adenoma
- Type 1 Diabetes
Hyperparathyroidism
Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Associated with abnormal lip pigmentation, halitosis, periodontitis and candidiasis.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hashimoto’s Disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Silent TSH Adenoma
- Type 1 Diabetes
Chronic Kidney Disease
Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Signs and symptoms include increased susceptibility to caries and increased risk of burning mouth syndrome/sjogren’s.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hashimoto’s Disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Silent TSH Adenoma
- Type 1 Diabetes
Hyperparathyroidism
Oral Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Dental signs include anterior open bite, delayed eruption and enamel hypoplasia.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hashimoto’s Disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Silent TSH Adenoma
- Type 1 Diabetes
Hashimoto’s Disease
Periodontal Terms
Where bone loss, usually from periodontal disease, affects the base of the root trunk of a tooth where 2 or more roots meet.
- abfraction
- furcation lesion
- material alba
- metaplasia
- pyogenic granuloma
- stomatitis medicamentosa
Furcation Lesion
Periodontal Terms
The hypothetical process leading to the loss of cervical tooth structure due to a combination of abrasion, erosion, and/or occlusal forces.
- abfraction
- furcation lesion
- material alba
- metaplasia
- pyogenic granuloma
- stomatitis medicamentosa
Abfraction
Periodontal Terms
A reactive overgrowth possibly in response to local irritation or trauma. Often ulcerated and may be smooth or lobulated.
- abfraction
- furcation lesion
- material alba
- metaplasia
- pyogenic granuloma
- stomatitis medicamentosa
Pyogenic Granuloma
(benign skin growth triggered by trauma / hormones)
Periodontal Terms
A change from 1 adult cell type to another form which is not normal to that tissue.
- abfraction
- furcation lesion
- material alba
- metaplasia
- pyogenic granuloma
- stomatitis medicamentosa
Metaplasia
Periodontal Terms
Loosely adherent, white curds of matter composed of dead cells, food debris and other components of the dental plaque found on the tooth.
- abfraction
- furcation lesion
- material alba
- metaplasia
- pyogenic granuloma
Material Alba
Bacterium associated with secondary endodontic infection:
a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia
A - enterococcus faecalis
Bacterium associated with dental caries:
a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia
D - strep mutans
Bacterium associated with otitis media:
a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia
E - streptococcus pneumonia
Bacterium associated with necrotising ulcerative gingivitis:
a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus mutans
e. streptococcus pneumonia
C - prevotella intermedia
Bacterium associated with stomach ulcers:
a. enterococcus faecalis
b. helicobacter pylori
c. prevotella intermedia
d. streptococcus murals
e. streptococcus pneumonia
C - helicobacter pylori
Dental Plaque
Which bacterial structure contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance?
a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid
E - plasmid
Dental Plaque
Name the appendages that aid in adhesion which can be found on G-ve periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis.
a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid
A - fimbriae
(hair-like structures)
Dental Plaque
Which cell wall structure helps to retain primary stain and characteristic colour to G+ve bacteria?
a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid
D - peptidoglycan
Dental Plaque
Name the outer membrane virulent factor found in G-ve periodontal pathogen P.gingivalis.
a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid
C - lipopolysaccharide
Dental Plaque
Long, thin filaments which aid bacterial motility.
a. fimbriae
b. flagella
c. lipopolysaccharide
d. peptidoglycan
e. plasmid
B - flagella
Embryology of the Tooth
Gives rise to Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath during root formation.
a. cap stage
b. cervical loops
c. crown stage
d. dental lamina
e. first branchial arch
B - cervical loop
Embryology of the Tooth
Contains mature ameloblasts.
a. cap stage
b. cervical loops
c. crown stage
d. dental lamina
e. first branchial arch
C - crown stage
Embryology of the Tooth
First present in a 6 week old foetus. The first evidence of tooth development.
a. cap stage
b. cervical loops
c. crown stage
d. dental lamina
e. first branchial arch
D - dental lamina
