Public Health Flashcards
What is capacity?
1) Understand situation
2) Weigh up options
3) Retain information
4) Communicate decision
What is Health Behaviour?
Behaviour that prevents disease (running)
What is Illness Behaviour?
Aimed at seeking remedy (going GP)
What is sick role behaviour?
Activity aimed at getting you well (Taking Abx)
What is Unrealistic Optimism?
Continuing health damaging behaviour due to inaccurate perception of risk and susceptibility
What is the Health Belief Model? (4 things)
1) Believing you are susceptible
2) Believing condition has serious consequences
3) Believing acting can reduce susceptibility
4) Believing benefits outweigh costs
What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
Intention is determined by:
1) Personal Attitudes
2) Social norms
3) Perceived behaviour control
What is the Transtheoretical model?
1) Pre-contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance / Relapse
What are the Wilson and Jungner Criteria?
Condition: know its natural history and must be treatable
Test: suitable and interval determined
Treatment:acceptable and facilities available
Other: cost effective, agreed who to treat, benefits>risks
What is a cohort study?
Sample taken from population, one group is exposed, one is not exposed, then compared
What is a Case-control study?
Groups with/without the disease selected, the past exposures are then retrospectively identified
What is a Cross-sectional study?
Exposure/outcome measured simultaneously at a single point in time
What are the 3 domains of public health?
1) Health improvement
2) Health protection
3) Improving services
What is the Bradford Hill Criteria of Causation?
1) Biological plausibility
2) Consistency
3) Dose response
4) Reversibility
5) Strength
6) Temporality
What is lead-time bias?
Early identification doesn’t alter outcome, but appears to increase survival
What is length-time bias?
Disease that progresses slowly is more likely to be picked up by screening → appears screening prolongs life
What are Bradshaws needs?
Felt need: individual perception of variation from normal health
Expressed need: seeks help to overcome variation
Normative need: professional defines appropriate intervention
Comparative need: compare severity/range/interventions/ cost
What is the Health Needs Assessment Cycle?
Needs Assessment → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
What are the Health Needs Assessment Approaches?
Epidemiological
Comparative
Corporate
What is the Donabedian Approach of Evaluation?
Structure: what there is?
Process: what is done?
Outcome: 5 Ds / mortality / quantitive/ qualitative
What is the Maxwells Dimensions Approach to Evaluation?
3 Es and As
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Equity
Accessibility
Acceptibility
Appropriateness
What is incidence?
Number of new cases in a time period
What is prevalence?
Number of cases at a specific time
What is relative risk?
Absolute risk in exposed group/absolute risk in non exposed group
