Public Health

Question 1

MA: why was public health bad in the Middle Ages?

Answer 1

• overcrowded
• no sewers or rules
• contaminated water
• cesspits built near rivers

Question 2

MA: what improvements were there in the Middle Ages for PH?

Answer 2

• laws e.g in Coventry there was clean fines (wealthy areas)
• councils tried to keep tradesmen clean
• tried to update Roman sewers to transport water
•church set up 700 hospitals
•encouraged ppl to clean streets infront of their houses

Question 3

MA: how many people did the Black Death kill?

Answer 3

1/3 of Europe

Question 4

R: what were preventative methods during the great plague?

Answer 4

• trade stopped with infected
• quarantines
• border with Scotland closed
• king’s orders on movement of people and animals
• plague doctors

Question 5

19th: what were PH conditions?

Answer 5

• overcrowded+ back to back housing
• one privy per street
• polluted water
• rubbish and waste on streets

Question 6

19th: why were conditions at the start of the 19th century so bad?

Answer 6

• laissez faire attitude
• industrial revolution- overcrowded
• no germ theory
• no planning regulations

Question 7

19th: why was Snow important

Answer 7

• investigated cholera and wrote report
• cholera from dirty water

Question 8

19th: why was the 1875 PH act passed on?

Answer 8

• cholera agent of change
• great stink
• 1867 reform act
• Farr
• hill

Question 9

19th: why was the 1867 reform act important?

Answer 9

It gave the right to vote for working men so they could vote for better conditions

Question 10

19th: why did Balzagette make a sewer system?

Answer 10

The great stink smelled and caused cholera

Question 11

19th: what did Farr show?

Answer 11

Used medical statistics to show link between death and dirty conditions

Question 12

19th: why was Chadwick important?

Answer 12

• wrote a report on the living conditions of working class men
• poverty caused disease, economy lower
• inspired the 1848 PH act

Question 13

19th: why was the 1848 PH act unsuccessful?

Answer 13

It was not compulsory so many did not abide by it

Question 14

20th: what was the liberal reforms act?

Answer 14

• school meals
• medical inspections for kids
• old age pension
• national insurance
(Payed with tax)
•labour exchange act: help look for work/job centre

Question 15

20th: what did booth prove?

Answer 15

The poor were not to be blamed for their situation and that 30% in London lived in poverty. Wrote report called life and labour of people in London

Question 16

20th: who came up with the term poverty line?

Answer 16

Rowntree and he stressed the poor were not to be blamed for their situation

Question 17

20th: why was the government concerned with PH?

Answer 17

2nd Boar war showed most were unfit and could not fight well if another battle occurred

Question 18

20th: why was the NHS passed?

Answer 18

• Beveridge report
• popular when it happened before
• disease fell

Question 19

20th: why were people against the NHS?

Answer 19

• too expensive
• doctors couldn’t privately charge anymore
• too many patients

Question 20

20th: what did the national health insurance provide?

Answer 20

• to those earning less than £160 a year
• sickness and maternity benefits
• unemployed

Question 21

20th: what did Beveridge declare?

Answer 21

Gov. Should help all get rid of the 5 giants that stopped others living a better life.

Question 22

20th: who set up the NHS?

Answer 22

Bevan as part of the welfare state

Question 23

19th: why was Octavia Hill important?

Answer 23

• she bought slums and improved their conditions
• council housing introduced
• showed how to live in a better environment