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Reproductive > Puberty and HPG axis > Flashcards

Puberty and HPG axis Flashcards

1
Q

What is thelarche

A

Breast development

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2
Q

What is adrenarche

A

Maturation and increase adrenal gland activity

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3
Q

What is gonadarche

A

Activation of reproductive glands by pituitary hormones FHS and LH

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4
Q

What is menarche

A

Onset of menstruation

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5
Q

What factors affect the onset on puberty

A

Weight, nutrition, sleep, pineal gland

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6
Q

What scale can we use

A

Tanners

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7
Q

What does Tanners use

A

Males: pubic hair and testicular and penis volume/size
Females: pubic hair and breast size

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8
Q

Why does female growth spurt last shorter than mens

A

Oestrogen causes fusion of epiphyseal plates earlier

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9
Q

What does the hypothalamus pituitary system regulated function of

A

Thyroid, adrenal, reproductive, growth, lactation, water metabolism

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10
Q

What is the onset of puberty associated with

A

LH and FSH secretion

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11
Q

Why doesn’t the reproductive system work before puberty

A

GnRH secretion not pulsatile so hormone levels too low

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12
Q

What does GnRH regulate

A

Puberty onset, sexual development, ovulatory cycles

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13
Q

Where is the GnRH receptor

A

Anterior pituitary

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14
Q

How does GnRH affect change when it binds to receptor

A

G coupled
Conformational change and intracellular pathways activated
Modulation of genes in target cells via phosphorylation events

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15
Q

What is the adult pattern of GnRH release

A

Males pulses after 2 hours

Females depends on cycle phase

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16
Q

What happens if GnRH release isn’t pulsatile

A

Desensitisation by loss of receptors

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17
Q

What is adenophyphysis

A

Anterior pituitary

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18
Q

What does the anterior pituitary release

A

LH, FSH, ACTH, GH, LPH, MSH, prolactin

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19
Q

What is the effect of LH and FSH secretion

A

Gonadal development

20
Q

Why is there negative feedback from oestrogen and testosterone

A

Don’t want constant GnRH release or will be desensitized.

21
Q

What does LH stimulate in males

A

Leydig cells –> testosterone

22
Q

What affects testosterone production

A

Circadian rhythm, time of day, environment

23
Q

What does FSH stimulate

A

Sertoli cells –> spermatogenesis and inhibin release

24
Q

What does inhibin feedback to

A

Anterior pituitary

25
Q

What does testosterone feedback to

A

Hypo and ant p

26
Q

What is the role of seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatogenesis

27
Q

Where are they Leydig cells

A

Interstitial fluid of testes between seminiferous tubules

28
Q

What 2 cells do the S tubules contain

A

Sertoli and Germ cells

29
Q

What is the role of sertoli cells

A

Nutrition and hormonal support to germ cells = sperm formation
Secrete inhibin
Sensitive to FSH

30
Q

What does FSH stimulate in females

A

Granulosa cells = follicular development
Inhibin release which only inhibits FSH
Convert androgens to oestrogen

31
Q

What does LH stimulate in females

A

Theca cells = androgen release
LH surge
Maintains corpus luteum as release progesterone and oestrogen

32
Q

In females, what is inhibited by inhibin release

A

FSH

33
Q

In females what inhibits GnRH

A

Moderate oestrogen

34
Q

In females what promotes GnRH release

A

High levels of oestrogen so we get LH surge

35
Q

Effects of GH secretion

A

Increase TSH = increase metabolic rate = tissue growth promoted
Retention of minerals to support bone and muscle growth = spurt

36
Q

Role of Leptin

A

Energy store information to CNS important for neuroendocrine function

37
Q

What does excess or deficiency of Leptin cause

A

Early puberty onset

Reproductive dysfunction

38
Q

What is central precocious puberty

A

Early puberty with elevated GnRH

39
Q

What causes central precocious puberty

A

Lesions, tumours, obesity,

40
Q

What is the mechanism of CPP

A

Premature activation of HPA leading to early development of secondary sexual characteristics and gonadarche

41
Q

What would lab results of CPP show

A

Basal LH and FSH: elevated
GnRH stimulation test increase Lh and FSH
High androgen

42
Q

What is Peripheral precocious puberty

A

Early puberty without elevated GnRH

43
Q

Causes of PPP

A 
High androgens
Ovarian cyst
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Leydig-cell tumour
Granulosa cell tumour
Hepatoblastoma- B HCG produced
Primary hypothyroidism
44
Q

What would PPP lab tests show

A

High androgens, decrease LH and FSH

45
Q

When is it called delayed onset of puberty

A

Absent or incomplete by 14 boys and 13 girls

46
Q

What are the causes of delayed onset of puberty

A

Constitutional - low bone age- they will catch up
Malnutrition
Hypogonadism

47
Q

What will lab tests show with delayed onset of puberty

A

No increase in LH and FSH to drive puberty

Reproductive (13 decks)

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