Pub Quiz - CHE Style

Question 1

Label the Major Components of the Digestive System

Answer 1

(See image in PDF, Year 2, Module 13)

Question 2

Give two functions of the gastric juice secreted by the stomach?

Answer 2

Kills bacteria,
digests proteins,
in some circumstances can attack the lining of the stomach

Question 3

What is the pH of gastric juice

Answer 3

pH 3
(remember optimizing enzyme action pH and Temp)

Question 4

Heartburn arises due to incompetency of which sphincter? Where is it situated?

Answer 4

Cardiac sphincter (aka lower esophageal sphincter/gastroesophageal sphincter/gastroesophageal junction); where the esophagus enters the upper part of the stomach

Question 5

What is peristalsis and where does it occur?

Answer 5

Rhythmic, coordinated, unidirectional smooth muscle contraction in the esophagus and small intestine

Question 6

Where is intrinsic factor produced and which vitamin is
associated with it?

Answer 6

Parietal cells of gastric mucosa/stomach
Vit B12

Question 7

Describe the specialized structures found in the wall
of the small intestine. What is their function?

Answer 7

Villi - found in the ileum - increase surface area for absorption of undigested food

Question 8

Give 3 Signs and Symptoms of GERD and name a possible anatomical cause.

Answer 8

Burning pain may spread to the chest or up into esophagus; waterbrash; palor and sweating due to intensity of pain.
Possible cause: Hiatal hernia, cardiac sphincter insufficiency

Question 9

State two non-protein factors essential in the blood
clotting process.

Answer 9

Vit K and Ca2+ ions

Question 10

Which protein is involved in the final step of blood clotting, sealing the “leak?” What quality does it have to enable this function?

Answer 10

Fibrin.
It is insoluble.

Question 11

Name two lymphoid organs.

Answer 11

Spleen,
Tonsils,
Thymus,
Appendix

Question 12

What are lymphocytes and what is their function?

Answer 12

Lymphocytes are infection fighting WBC. They patrol looking for infectious microorganisms.

Question 13

What are the 5 cardinal signs of INFLAMMATION?

Answer 13

Dolor = Pain; Calor = Heat; Rubor = Redness; Tumor = Swelling; Functio laesa = Loss of Function

Question 14

What are 3 signs and symptoms of INFECTION?

Answer 14

General Malaise, Loss of energy; Fever, Raised Temperature
Fatigue; Loss of Appetite, Increased or Decreased Thirst; Muscle aches and pains; SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES; Inflammation

Question 15

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 15

Support of soft tissue, Mineral ion store, Production fo Blood Cells (in bone marrow), Protection

Question 16

What is the Epiphyseal Plate sometimes referred to?

Answer 16

Growth plate
(know the structure of a typical long bone)

Question 17

Name an important hormone produced during growth and development. Where is it produced?

Answer 17

Growth hormone. Produced in the Anterior Pituitary.

Question 18

Name the important Hormones and Vitamins involved in
calcium homeostasis.

Answer 18

Calcitonin; Parathyroid Hormone; Estrogen; Vitamin D. (Note why calcium homeostasis is important to body function.)

Question 19

Give an example of a synovial joint.

Answer 19

Knee; Shoulder; Joints of Hands and Feet

Question 20

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Answer 20

Nourishes structures within the joint; Lubricates; Maintains stability; Prevents ends of bones being separated (like water between two pieces of glass).

Question 21

What do tendons connect and what do they enable?

Answer 21

Tendons connect muscle to bone - point of origin (bone) and insertion (muscle); Tendons enable movement.

Question 22

What type of muscle is skeletal muscle?

Answer 22

Voluntary muscle.

Question 23

Which molecule is important for muscle contraction
to occur?

Answer 23

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).

Question 24

Name one remedy and one tissue salt with affinity for joints.

Answer 24

Rhus tox, Ruta, Bryonia, etc
Calc fluor, Calc phos, etc.

General muscular remedies:
Arn; Caust; Lactic Ac; Rhus tox; Mag Phos; Cimic; Bellis p

Ligament/ tendon remedies:
Ruta; Rhus tox; Symphytum; Actea spicata; Natrum carb

Remedies with affinity for Joints
Bell; Benz ac; Bry; Calc; Calc fl; Colchicum; Kali carb; Puls;
Rhus tox; Ruta; Sil

Bursitis
Apis; Arn; Nat mur; Ruta; Sil

Question 25

What are the 5 stages associated with bone fracture
repair?

Answer 25

1. Formation of haematoma; 2. Development of acute inflammation; 3. Phagocytosis of the clot and debris by macrophages; 4. Growth of granulation tissue and new blood vessels; 5. Formation of a callus, new bone secreted by osteoblasts, shaping of callus and medullary canal by osteoclasts

Question 26

Which bone disorder is caused by Vitamin D
deficiency?

Answer 26

Rickets

Question 27

(See Handout)
a) Identify the deformity developing in this series of scans?
b) Which disease do you associate with it?
c) Which hormone is implicated with the condition?

Answer 27

a) Kyphosis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Oestrogen