Pub Quiz - CHE Style Flashcards
A&P Revision
Label the Major Components of the Digestive System
(See image in PDF, Year 2, Module 13)
Give two functions of the gastric juice secreted by the stomach?
Kills bacteria,
digests proteins,
in some circumstances can attack the lining of the stomach
What is the pH of gastric juice
pH 3
(remember optimizing enzyme action pH and Temp)
Heartburn arises due to incompetency of which sphincter? Where is it situated?
Cardiac sphincter (aka lower esophageal sphincter/gastroesophageal sphincter/gastroesophageal junction); where the esophagus enters the upper part of the stomach
What is peristalsis and where does it occur?
Rhythmic, coordinated, unidirectional smooth muscle contraction in the esophagus and small intestine
Where is intrinsic factor produced and which vitamin is
associated with it?
Parietal cells of gastric mucosa/stomach
Vit B12
Describe the specialized structures found in the wall
of the small intestine. What is their function?
Villi - found in the ileum - increase surface area for absorption of undigested food
Give 3 Signs and Symptoms of GERD and name a possible anatomical cause.
Burning pain may spread to the chest or up into esophagus; waterbrash; palor and sweating due to intensity of pain.
Possible cause: Hiatal hernia, cardiac sphincter insufficiency
State two non-protein factors essential in the blood
clotting process.
Vit K and Ca2+ ions
Which protein is involved in the final step of blood clotting, sealing the “leak?” What quality does it have to enable this function?
Fibrin.
It is insoluble.
Name two lymphoid organs.
Spleen,
Tonsils,
Thymus,
Appendix
What are lymphocytes and what is their function?
Lymphocytes are infection fighting WBC. They patrol looking for infectious microorganisms.
What are the 5 cardinal signs of INFLAMMATION?
Dolor = Pain; Calor = Heat; Rubor = Redness; Tumor = Swelling; Functio laesa = Loss of Function
What are 3 signs and symptoms of INFECTION?
General Malaise, Loss of energy; Fever, Raised Temperature
Fatigue; Loss of Appetite, Increased or Decreased Thirst; Muscle aches and pains; SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES; Inflammation
What are the main functions of the skeleton?
Support of soft tissue, Mineral ion store, Production fo Blood Cells (in bone marrow), Protection
What is the Epiphyseal Plate sometimes referred to?
Growth plate
(know the structure of a typical long bone)
Name an important hormone produced during growth and development. Where is it produced?
Growth hormone. Produced in the Anterior Pituitary.
Name the important Hormones and Vitamins involved in
calcium homeostasis.
Calcitonin; Parathyroid Hormone; Estrogen; Vitamin D. (Note why calcium homeostasis is important to body function.)
Give an example of a synovial joint.
Knee; Shoulder; Joints of Hands and Feet
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
Nourishes structures within the joint; Lubricates; Maintains stability; Prevents ends of bones being separated (like water between two pieces of glass).
What do tendons connect and what do they enable?
Tendons connect muscle to bone - point of origin (bone) and insertion (muscle); Tendons enable movement.
What type of muscle is skeletal muscle?
Voluntary muscle.
Which molecule is important for muscle contraction
to occur?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).
Name one remedy and one tissue salt with affinity for joints.
Rhus tox, Ruta, Bryonia, etc
Calc fluor, Calc phos, etc.
General muscular remedies:
Arn; Caust; Lactic Ac; Rhus tox; Mag Phos; Cimic; Bellis p
Ligament/ tendon remedies:
Ruta; Rhus tox; Symphytum; Actea spicata; Natrum carb
Remedies with affinity for Joints
Bell; Benz ac; Bry; Calc; Calc fl; Colchicum; Kali carb; Puls;
Rhus tox; Ruta; Sil
Bursitis
Apis; Arn; Nat mur; Ruta; Sil
What are the 5 stages associated with bone fracture
repair?
- Formation of haematoma; 2. Development of acute inflammation; 3. Phagocytosis of the clot and debris by macrophages; 4. Growth of granulation tissue and new blood vessels; 5. Formation of a callus, new bone secreted by osteoblasts, shaping of callus and medullary canal by osteoclasts
Which bone disorder is caused by Vitamin D
deficiency?
Rickets
(See Handout)
a) Identify the deformity developing in this series of scans?
b) Which disease do you associate with it?
c) Which hormone is implicated with the condition?
a) Kyphosis
b) Osteoporosis
c) Oestrogen
