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Anatomy & Physio & Pathology CHE PTO2 > GI A&P > Flashcards

GI A&P Flashcards

A&P Revision

1
Q

What are the parts of the Upper GI Tract?

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx (oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
Esophagus

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2
Q

What does the GI Tract include?

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large intestine
Anus

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3
Q

What are the parts of the Lower GI Tract?

A

Cecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus

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4
Q

What is the GI Tract?

A

A continuous hollow, muscular “tube” lined with specialized mucosa

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5
Q

What is the main role of the Upper GI Tract?

A

Defense (stomach acid), Digestion, Absorption.

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6
Q

What is the main role of the Lower GI Tract?

A

Defense (commensal bacteria),
Absorption (of H20 & electrolytes),
Excretion (of the formed stool).

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7
Q

Name the parts of the Digestive System

A

Salivary Glands, Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Gallbladder, Liver, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

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8
Q

Name the Teeth in the Buccal Cavity (Mouth)

A

Central incisor, Lateral incisor, Cuspid (canine), First Premolar, (bicuspid), Second premolar (bicuspid), First molar, Second molar, Third molar (Wisdom tooth)

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9
Q

Where is the Parotid Salivary Gland?

A

In front of the ear

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10
Q

Where does the salivary duct open into?

A

The cheek

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11
Q

What role do the Teeth and Tongue play in digestion?

A

While the Teeth cut and grind food, the Tongue moves food during chewing and swallowing.

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12
Q

Where is the Sublingual Salivary Gland located?

A

Under the Tongue

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13
Q

Where is the Submandibular Salivary Gland located?

A

It lies deep in the mouth under the tongue, toward the neck.

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14
Q

Where is the Hyoid Bone?

A

It is a crescent-shaped bone at the front of the, below the lower jaw and above the thyroid cartilage.

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15
Q

What influences the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

A

Body Temperature

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16
Q

What is considered normal body temperature in an adult?

A

97.5 F (36.4 C) to 97.9 F (36.6 C)

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17
Q

What is neutral pH in the body?

A

7

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18
Q

The enzyme Pepsin is produced in the…

A

Stomach

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19
Q

Salivary amylase enzyme is produced in the…

A

Mouth

20
Q

The enzyme Lipase is produced in the…

A

Pancreas

21
Q

The enzyme Lactase is produced in the…

A

Small Intestine

22
Q

What is the substrate of Pepsin?

A

Protein

23
Q

What is the substrate of Salivary Amylase?

A

Starch/Carbohydrates

24
Q

What is the Substrate of Lactase?

A

Lactose

25
Q

What is the product of Pepsin?

A

Polypeptides

26
Q

What is the product of salivary amylase?

A

Maltose/Disaccharide

27
Q

What is the product of Lipase?

A

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

28
Q

What is the product of Lactase?

A

Glucose and Galactose

29
Q

What are the phases of secretion of gastric juices?

A

Cephalic phase, Gastric phase, Intestinal phase

30
Q

What are the parts of the Small Intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

31
Q

The Small Intestine is the site of what part of what Major part of digestion?

A

Chemical Digestion and Absorption

32
Q

What organs include the Biliary System?

A

Liver, Bile Ducts, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Small Intestine (Duodenum)

33
Q

What is the function of the Ileum?

A

Absorption of Nutrients

34
Q

What is the Ileum?

A

The final section of the Small Intestine.

35
Q

The Small Intestine is responsible for the movement of food via:

A

Peristalsis

36
Q

The Small Intestine is responsible for secretion of Enzymes in:

A

intestinal juices

37
Q

The Small Intestine is responsible for completion of digestion of:

A

Carbohydrates; Protein; Lipids

38
Q

Peyer’s Patches provide protection against:

A

Microbes

39
Q

The Small Intestine is responsible for secretion of:

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Secretin

40
Q

The Large Intestine is how long?

A

5ft or 1.5m

41
Q

Name the five parts of the Large Intestine:

A
  1. Cecum, 2. Colon, 3. Rectum, 4. Anal canal, 5. Anus
42
Q

The Function of the Large Intestine is:

A

Absorption (Water, Mineral ions, Vitamin K, some orthodox drugs); Movement of solid material; Storage of Feces

43
Q

Name the four parts of the Colon:

A
  1. Ascending Colon; 2. Transverse Colon; 3. Descending Colon; 4. Sigmoid Colon
44
Q

Describe the Mass Movement of the Colon:

A

Strong peristaltic waves in the Transverse Colon force solid material into the Descending Colon then the Sigmoid Colon

45
Q

Solid matter arrives in the Rectum from the Colon, forming Fecal Mass. What is contained in Fecal Mass?

A

Bile pigment Stercobilin produces color, 60-70% water, Fiber, Cells mucus

46
Q

What two sphincters of the Anus are responsible for the voiding process?

A

Internal and External sphincters

Anatomy & Physio & Pathology CHE PTO2 (10 decks)

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