GI A&P Flashcards
A&P Revision
What are the parts of the Upper GI Tract?
Oral cavity
Pharynx (oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
Esophagus
What does the GI Tract include?
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large intestine
Anus
What are the parts of the Lower GI Tract?
Cecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus
What is the GI Tract?
A continuous hollow, muscular “tube” lined with specialized mucosa
What is the main role of the Upper GI Tract?
Defense (stomach acid), Digestion, Absorption.
What is the main role of the Lower GI Tract?
Defense (commensal bacteria),
Absorption (of H20 & electrolytes),
Excretion (of the formed stool).
Name the parts of the Digestive System
Salivary Glands, Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Gallbladder, Liver, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus
Name the Teeth in the Buccal Cavity (Mouth)
Central incisor, Lateral incisor, Cuspid (canine), First Premolar, (bicuspid), Second premolar (bicuspid), First molar, Second molar, Third molar (Wisdom tooth)
Where is the Parotid Salivary Gland?
In front of the ear
Where does the salivary duct open into?
The cheek
What role do the Teeth and Tongue play in digestion?
While the Teeth cut and grind food, the Tongue moves food during chewing and swallowing.
Where is the Sublingual Salivary Gland located?
Under the Tongue
Where is the Submandibular Salivary Gland located?
It lies deep in the mouth under the tongue, toward the neck.
Where is the Hyoid Bone?
It is a crescent-shaped bone at the front of the, below the lower jaw and above the thyroid cartilage.
What influences the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
Body Temperature
What is considered normal body temperature in an adult?
97.5 F (36.4 C) to 97.9 F (36.6 C)
What is neutral pH in the body?
7
The enzyme Pepsin is produced in the…
Stomach
Salivary amylase enzyme is produced in the…
Mouth
The enzyme Lipase is produced in the…
Pancreas
The enzyme Lactase is produced in the…
Small Intestine
What is the substrate of Pepsin?
Protein
What is the substrate of Salivary Amylase?
Starch/Carbohydrates
What is the Substrate of Lactase?
Lactose
What is the product of Pepsin?
Polypeptides
What is the product of salivary amylase?
Maltose/Disaccharide
What is the product of Lipase?
Fatty Acids and Glycerol
What is the product of Lactase?
Glucose and Galactose
What are the phases of secretion of gastric juices?
Cephalic phase, Gastric phase, Intestinal phase
What are the parts of the Small Intestine?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
The Small Intestine is the site of what part of what Major part of digestion?
Chemical Digestion and Absorption
What organs include the Biliary System?
Liver, Bile Ducts, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Small Intestine (Duodenum)
What is the function of the Ileum?
Absorption of Nutrients
What is the Ileum?
The final section of the Small Intestine.
The Small Intestine is responsible for the movement of food via:
Peristalsis
The Small Intestine is responsible for secretion of Enzymes in:
intestinal juices
The Small Intestine is responsible for completion of digestion of:
Carbohydrates; Protein; Lipids
Peyer’s Patches provide protection against:
Microbes
The Small Intestine is responsible for secretion of:
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Secretin
The Large Intestine is how long?
5ft or 1.5m
Name the five parts of the Large Intestine:
- Cecum, 2. Colon, 3. Rectum, 4. Anal canal, 5. Anus
The Function of the Large Intestine is:
Absorption (Water, Mineral ions, Vitamin K, some orthodox drugs); Movement of solid material; Storage of Feces
Name the four parts of the Colon:
- Ascending Colon; 2. Transverse Colon; 3. Descending Colon; 4. Sigmoid Colon
Describe the Mass Movement of the Colon:
Strong peristaltic waves in the Transverse Colon force solid material into the Descending Colon then the Sigmoid Colon
Solid matter arrives in the Rectum from the Colon, forming Fecal Mass. What is contained in Fecal Mass?
Bile pigment Stercobilin produces color, 60-70% water, Fiber, Cells mucus
What two sphincters of the Anus are responsible for the voiding process?
Internal and External sphincters
