PTSD Flashcards
What is type 1 trauma?
A single instance of trauma
What is type 2 trauma?
Multiple traumas
Who distinguished the trauma types?
Terr (1994)
What is the difference between Type 2A and 2B traumas?
A - stable background, can talk about the multiple traumas separately
B - too many traumas, they merge into one, might start talking about one and then move on to the next
What will a person’s response to an event have involved if they have PTSD?
Fear
Helplessness
Horror
What are the three subsets of symptoms in PTSD?
Re-experiencing
Avoidance and numbing
Hyperarousal
For how long must PTSD symptoms be present for diagnosis?
Longer than a month
How long is chronic PTSD?
Longer than three months
What does the Ehlers and Clark (2000) model of PTSD involve?
Exposure
Cognitive processing
What is the difference between anxiety and PTSD?
Anxiety = future PTSD = past
What are the two processes which lead to a sense of current threat in PTSD according to Ehlers and Clark (2000)?
Idiosyncratic appraisals of the trauma and sequalae (own narrative of what happened)
Re-experiencing of disjointed memories
What are the maintaining factors in the Ehlers and Clark (2000) model of PTSD?
Thought suppression Rumination Hypervigilance Avoidance Safety behaviours Substance use
What may the appraisals involve in PTSD?
The fact that the trauma happened The meaning of the trauma Client's response Perceived response of others Physical consequences
What needs to be considered when investigating appraisals in PTSD?
Have they shattered or confirmed a person’s previous beliefs?
What are the possible forms of intrusive memories?
Rumination Pictures, sounds, smells, tastes Emotion without recollection Physiological sensations Dreams Flashbacks
Why is it important to investigate recall in PTSD?
Disjointed memory
Confusion about the order
Missing details
False information
What are the goals of treatment in Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) model?
Elaborate on the traumatic memory Identify and modify appraisals of the trauma Discriminate triggers Reduce symptoms Give up coping strategies
What is the acronym for treatment goals in Ehlers and Clark (2000)?
EIDRG
What areas need to be explored when assessing PTSD?
Content of the intrusions Worst moments Misinterpretations of symptoms Quality of the memory What do they do when memories pop into head? What do they avoid? What do they do instead?
What is the treatment plan for PTSD?
Cognitive assessment Revisit traumatic memory and ID hotspots Address hotspots one at a time Update hotspots Continue to work with cognitive appraisals and triggers
What techniques can be used for cognitive appraisals?
Evidence for/against Behavioural experiments Advantages/disadvantages Pie charts Surveys Info from other sources Guided imagery
What outcome measure can be used in PTSD?
Impact of Event Scale Revised
What is one of the common problematic goals in PTSD?
Wanting to go back to how they were before the trauma.
What is a way of overcoming the want to go back to how they were before the trauma?
Looking at what they have gained as trauma will always change you.
