Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck Anatomy > Pterygopalatine Fossa and Plate > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa and Plate Flashcards

1
Q

What are other names for the tonsillar ring?

A

pharyngeal lymphatic ring, Waldeyer’s ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the pharyngeal lymphatic ring located?

A

superior pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What four tonsil type make up the pharyngeal lymphatic ring?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid) : palatine tonsils : tubal tonsils : lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

on the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do the pharyngeal tonsils achieve maximum size?

A

age 5, then begin to atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What arteries supply the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Ascending pharyngeal a., ascending palatine a., pharyngeal brs. of maxillary a., artery of pterygoid canal, and tonsillar brs. of facial a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what procedure may be performed in regards to the tonsils?

A

Adenoidectomy (pharyngeal) usually concurrently with a (palatine) tonsillectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which tonsils are commonly referred to as “the” tonsils?

A

the palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What arteries supply the palatine tonsils?

A

tonsillar a., dorsal lingual brs., and branches from ascending pharyngeal a. (all associated with external carotid brs.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to the palatine tonsils later in life?

A

they atrophy with age. Typically there will be very little lymphoid tissue by the time you are at an advanced age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the tubal tonsils found? What are they shaped like?

A

directly posterior to the pharyngotympanic tubes. Most variable in shape and appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the tonsillar region drain to?

A

the jugulodigastric node (tonsillar node - because gets inflamed when tonsils are inflamed) (also part of the superior deep cervical lymph nodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the components of the hard palate?

A

Palatine process, and horizontal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What covers the hard palate? What is included inside of it?

A

thick mucosa with some small salivary glands within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerves innervate the hard palate? What are they branches of?

A

it is afferently served by the greater palatine, and nasopalatine nn. (both of V2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the nerves that innervate the hard palate enter the hard palate?

A

the greater palatine foramen (greater palatine) and incisive foramen (nasopalatine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary arterial supply of the hard palate?

A

the greater palatine a. (branch of the descending palatine a. > of 3rd part of maxillary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What path does the greater palatine a. take to get to the hard palate?

A

it descends through the palatine canal, gives rise to the lesser palatine brs., and enters vis the greater palatine foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the greater palatine foramen?

A

next to the 2nd maxillary molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the soft palate? Where is it?

A

a thick músculo-mucosal fold. it extends posteriorly from the hard palate to distinguish the nasopharynx and oropharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerve innervates the soft palate? Where does it enter the area?

A

the lesser palatine n. : the lesser palatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What arteries supply the soft palate? How do they enter the area?

A

the lesser palatine aa. : the lesser palatine foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is attached to the posterior border of the hard palate?

A

the palatine aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the palatine aponeurosis?

A

a “widened tendon” of the tensor veli palatini m. that originates on the posterior border of the hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What muscles have attachments to the palatine aponeurosis?

A

Levator veli palatini m, tensor veli palatini m., palatoglossus m., palatopharyngeus m., and musculus uvulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What nerves innervate the muscles of the palatine aponeurosis?

A

Vagus n. (via pharyngeal plexus): Levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae — Mandibular n. (V3 nerve to tensor veli palatini): tensor veli palatini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Levator veli palatini origen and insertion:

A

Origen: Temporal bone, sphenoid bone, and pharyngotympanic tube — Insertion: Soft palate, and palatine aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Tensor veli palatini origen and insertion:

A

Origen: Sphenoid bone and pharyngotympanic tube — Insertion: palatine bones, and palatine aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Levator veli palatini action:

A

elevation of soft palate, contraction of posterior wall of pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tensor veli palatini action:

A

Tenses soft palate and slightly opens the pharyngotympanic tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Palatoglossus origen and insertion:

A

Origen: palatine aponeurosis — Insertion: dorsum of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Palatoglossus action:

A

elevates tongue (and closes oropharyngeal isthmus during deglutition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Palatopharyngeus origen and insertion:

A

Origen: palatine aponeurosis — Insertion: Pharynx

34
Q

Palatopharyngeus action:

A

Elevates the pharynx

35
Q

Musculus uvulae origen and insertion:

A

Origen: palatine bone and palatine aponeurosis — Insertion: uvula

36
Q

Musculus uvulae action:

A

elevation of uvula

37
Q

What is the dilator tubae m.?

A

Specific fibers of tensor veli palatine that wrap medially around the pterygoid hamulus and attach to the pharyngotympanic tube

38
Q

What does the tensor veli palatini separate the palatopharyngeus into?

A

two separate fasciculi

39
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils found?

A

lateral wall of the oropharynx. Within tonsillar fossae - located between the palatoglossal, and palatopharyngeal arches

40
Q

What forms the tonsillar fossae?

A

the pharyngobasilar fascia and the superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

41
Q

What important neurovasculature should be considered during surgeries in this area?

A

Tonsillar br. (of facial a.), external palatine v., glossopharyngeal n (CN IX), internal carotid a.

42
Q

Where is the tonsillar br. located with regard to this area.

A

closely associated with the palatoglossal arch

43
Q

Where is the external palatine v. located with regard to this area?

A

closely associated with superior portion of tonsillar fossa

44
Q

Where is the glossopharyngeal n. located with regard to this area?

A

closely associated with the lateral portion of the tonsillar fossa

45
Q

Where is the internal carotid artery located with regard to this area?

A

variable/lateral to palatine tonsil

46
Q

What structures are medial and lateral of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Nasopharynx (medial) infratemporal fossa (lateral)

47
Q

What are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Superior: body of sphenoid – Anterior: posterior wall of maxilla – Medial: palatine bone – Posterior: anterior surface of greater wing of sphenoid – Lateral: pterygomaxillary fissure

48
Q

What two openings are included within the pterygopalatine fossa? What bone are the a part of?

A

foramen rotundum, and pterygoid canal : sphenoid bone

49
Q

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Maxillary n. (V2) and branches, Pterygopalatine ganglion, 3rd part of Maxillary a. and branches

50
Q

What are the communications of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Orbit: via inferior orbital fissure – Oral cavity: via greater and lesser palatine canals – Nasal cavity: via sphenopalatine foramen – Infratemporal fossa: via pterygomaxillary fissure

51
Q

What communication lead from the infratemporal fossa to the Sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Infratemporal fossa → Pterygomaxillary fissure → Pterygopalatine fossa → Sphenopalatine foramen

52
Q

What type of innervations are carried out by the maxillary nerve (V2)?

A

WHOLLY AFFERENT

53
Q

How does the maxillary n. enter the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

via the foramen rotundum

54
Q

What are the main trunk branches of the maxillary n. (V2)?

A

Zygomatic n., posterior superior alveolar, Infra-orbital n.

55
Q

How does the zygomatic n. exit the pteryopalatine fossa?

A

via the inferior orbital fissure.

56
Q

What are the terminal branches of the zygomatic n.?

A

zygomaticofacial n., and zygomaticotemporal n.

57
Q

What are the innervations of the PSA nerve?

A

maxillary sinus, and joins superior alveolar (dental) plexus to innervate maxillary molars

58
Q

What is the terminal branch of V2?

A

the infra-orbital n.

59
Q

What route does the infra-orbital n. take to get to its innervation point?

A

pterygopalatine fossa > inferior orbital fissure > inferior orbital canal > infra-orbital foramen

60
Q

What are the main branches of the infra-orbital n.?

A

middle superior alveolar n., anterior superior alveolar n.

61
Q

What are the innervations of the MSA and ASA nn.?

A

MSA: Maxillary sinus, P1/P2 and sometimes M1 – ASA: Portion of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity floor, incisors and canines

62
Q

After exiting the skull via the infra-orbital fissure, what branches come off the infra-orbital n.?

A

nasal, palpebral, and superior labial brs.

63
Q

What branches of V2 are associated with the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Nasopalatine n., Posterior superior nasal nn., Palatine nn., and nerve to pterygoid canal

64
Q

What path does the nasopalatine n. take to get to its innervation site?

A

Pterygopalatine fossa → Sphenopalatine foramen → Nasal cavity → Nasal septum (vomer) → Incisive fossa → Hard palate

65
Q

What n. does the nasopalatine n. communicate with?

A

the greater palatine

66
Q

What are the innervations of the nasopalatine n.?

A

Afferent: inferior nasal septum, and anterior hard palate

67
Q

How do the posterior superior nasal nn. enter the nasal cavity?

A

via the sphenopalatine foramen

68
Q

What are the innervations of the posterior superior lateral nasal n.?

A

afferent: posterior ethmoidal sinus, superior and middle nasal conchae

69
Q

What are the innervations of the posterior superior medial nasal n.?

A

afferent: posterior portion of roof of nasal septum

70
Q

What route do the palatine nn. take to get to their innervation point?

A

both greater and lesser palatine nn. descend from the pterygopalatine ganglion through the greater or lesser palatine canal to the hard and soft palate through greater and less palatine foramen

71
Q

What are the innervations of the nerve to the pterygoid canal?

A

Parasympathetic: carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the facial n. destined for the lacrimal – Afferent: to the pharyngotympanic tube

72
Q

How big is the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

it is the largest of the peripheral parasympathetic ganglia

73
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

A

within the pterygopalatine fossa, medial and inferior to the maxillary n. and lateral to the sphenopalatine foramen

74
Q

What is the deep petrosal n. carrying when it meets with the greater petrosal n.?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from perivascular plexus of ICA

75
Q

What two muscle connection points does the Levator veli palatini pass in between?

A

The palatopharyngeus and musclus uvulae

76
Q

What structures is located directly above the levator and tensor veli palatini

A

the torus tubarius

77
Q

What structures is located directly above the levator and tensor veli palatini

A

the torus tubarius

78
Q

What is the main arterial source that supplies the palatine tonsils?

A

all arteries are branches of the facial a.

79
Q

What wall of the nasal cavity contains the palatine foramina?

A

the lateral wall

80
Q

What does the artery of the pterygoid canal supply?

A

tympanic cavity, tympanic tube, and superior pharynx

Head and Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions