Face Flashcards
What is the face bound by superiorly, laterally, and inferiorly?
Superior: Frontal region
Lateral: auricular regions
Inferior: Inferior margin of the mandible
What are the 5 openings of the face?
2 palpebral fissures (eyes)
2 nares (nostrils)
1 oral fissure
What is the term used for the bridge of the nose?
dorsum
What flanks each side of the tip of the nose and partially surrounds the nares?
the ala of the nose
What separates the nares? (interior and exterior)
the nasal septum (interior)
the nasal columella (exterior)
What are the three areas of the lips as defined by their surface tissue?
skin, vermillion zone, mucosa
The oral fissure is flanked on each side by the ______________.
angles of the mouth
What are the names for the two kinds of folds that can be found around the mouth?
the nasolabial fold
the mentolabial fold
When present, where can the nasolabial folds be found?
extending laterally to the nose and curving towards the angles of the mouth.
When present, where can the mentolabial folds be found?
it can be found as a horizontal cleft between the lower lip and the chin.
What are the different layers of facial fasciae?
the skin covers a layer of fibro-adipose tissue (varies in depth), which covers the Superficial Musculo-Aponeurotic System.
What is the fibro-adipose layer of fascia made up of? What does it allow?
It is made up of dense connective tissues. This allows the facial muscles to move and shape the skin of the face.
What is the SMAS? What does it encompass?
A layer of fascia that either invests, or covers the muscles of facial expression. It extends from the platysma to the epicranial aponeurosis
What fascia can be found above the zygomatic arch, co-planar to the SMAS?
the temporoparietal fascia
What does the temporoparietal fascia cover?
the temporal region, superficial to the temporal fascia.
What is the temporal fascia?
deep, investing layer of the temporalis m.
What fascia is deep to the SMAS?
the parotid-masseteric fascia
What does the parotid-masseteric fascia cover?
the parotid gland, masseter m., parotid duct, and branches of both the facial n., and mandibular n. (V3) (typically facial and mandibular n. are found deep to this layer)
What are the layers of facial fascia superficial to deep?
Skin>Fibro-adipose tissue>SMAS and muscles of facial expression>(superior zygomatic) temporoparietal (inferior zygomatic but superficial of buccal fat) parotid-masseteric fascia>Facial n. brs.>buccopharyngeal fascia (deep to buccal fat) and muscles of mastication
the infra-orbital fascial space is found deep to the ___________________.
quadradis labii superioris m. group
What muscles are included in the quadradis labii superioris m. group?
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m., levator labii superioris m., and the zygomaticus minor m.
What space is continuous with the infra-orbital space (posteriorly)?
the buccal space
Infections to the canine or first pre-molar (if left untreated) could spread from the __________ to the _________ and or the __________________.
infraorbital space : buccal space : orbital vasculature and cavernous sinus
what artery, vein, and nerve are found in the in the infraorbital space?
angular a., angular v., infraorbital n. (of V2)
What space is continuous with the buccal space posteriorly? Posteromedially?
the (sub)masseteric space : Pterygomandibular space
What routes might an infection take to get from the areas around the mouth to the retropharyngeal space?
buccal space/(sub)masseter space > ptyerygomandibular space > lateral pharyngeal space > retropharyngeal space
OR
sublingual space/submandibular space > lateral pharyngeal space > retropharyngeal space
What are the two major groups of the muscles of the head?
epicranial and craniofacial
What area do the epicranial muscles primarily act upon?
the scalp
What are do the craniofacial muscles primarily act upon?
the facial region (typically referred to as the muscles of facial expression)
What muscles are included in the epicranial muscles? What are their actions?
the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis m. : Frontal - elevates brow/creases forehead : Occipital - pulls scalp posteriorly
What are the three subgroups of the craniofacial muscles?
circumorbital and palpebral mm., buccolabial mm., and nasal muscles
What muscles are included in the circumorbital and palpebral muscle group and what are their actions?
the orbicularis oculi m. (shuts palpebral fissure), and the currogator supercilii m. (pulls brows inferomedially)