Posterior Neck Flashcards
What structures form the boundaries of the posterior neck triangle?
Superior border of trapezius, posterior border of SCM, clavicle
What important structures are contained within the posterior cervical triangle?
EJV
Accessory Nerve
Subclavian v.
What two triangles make up the posterior cervical triangle? What are their boundaries?
the occipital triangle and the subclavian (omoclavicular) triangle.
Boundaries are trap, SCM, omohyoid (occipital) and clavicle, SCM, omohyoid (subclavian)
What important structure(s) is contained within the occipital triangle?
Accessory n.
Nerve point of neck (and respective nerves)
What important structure(s) is contained within the clavicular triangle?
EJV
Subclavian v. & a.
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
Trapezius attachments:
Proximal attachments: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12
Distal attachments: Clavicle and spine of scapula
Trapezius innervation:
Accessory n. (CN XI)
Trapezius arterial supply:
Transverse cervical a. (bra. of thyrocervical trunk)
Trapezius actions:
Retraction of scapula (all fibers);
Depression of scapula (ascending fibers);
Elevation of scapula (descending fibers);
Superiorly rotates glenoid cavity (ascending and descending fibers)
What is the RON, and what is it responsible for?
The Root Of Neck is the connector of the neck, thorax, and upper limbs. It also is the proximal attachment for many neck muscles, and transmits important neurovasculature.
What is the anterior scalene m. sandwiched between?
the subclavian v. and a.
What establishes the border for the divisions of the subclavian a.?
the anterior scalene m.
What muscle is closely associated with the phrenic n.?
the anterior scalene m.
What separates the anterior scalene m. and the middle scalene m.?
the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus, and the subclavian a.
What are the innervations of the phrenic n.?
Efferent/Afferent to the diaphragm. Afferent to the pericardium and diaphragmatic pleura.
Describe how the phrenic n. gets from its origin to its innervation sites.
The phrenic n. (C3, 4, 5) depends from the cervical plexus through the RON just anterior to/upon the anterior scalene m. and enters the thorax between the subclavian v. (anterior) and a. (posterior) then continues to the diaphragm (efferent/afferent), pericardium (afferent) and diaphragmatic pleura (afferent).
Where do the paths of the Vagus n. align/change?
Both R. and L. Vagus nn. decent the neck within the carotid sheaths and cross anteriorly over the subclavian aa. deep to the first rib. The R. Vagus then sends the R. recurrent laryngeal n. inferiorly then posteriorly around the R. subclavian a. on course for the larynx. The L. Vagus sends the L. recurrent laryngeal n. inferior then posteriorly around the concavity of the arch of the aorta.
How are the three parts of the subclavian a. positioned with respect to the anterior scalene m.?
1st part: anteriorly. 2nd part: posteriorly. 3rd part: laterally.
What are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian a.?
vertebral a., thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid a., ascending cervical a., transverse cervical a., suprascapular a.), internal thoracic a.
What are the branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian a.?
the costocervical trunk (deep cervical a., and highest (supreme) intercostal a.)
What are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian a.?
the dorsal scapular a.
What is supplied by the vertebral a.?
the brain and spinal cord