Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards
External Nose Cartilage
- lateral nasal cartilage
- major alar cartilage (tip and hole)
-minor alar cartilages
—posterior to major
Bones of Nasal Cavity
Wall:
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- vomer bone
Roof:
- Frontal bone (frontal sinus)
- Ethmoid
- sphenoid sinus
Floor:
- Palatine process of maxilla
- horizontal plate of palatine
Respiratory area
Inferior 2/3 of nasal cavity
Olfactory area
Beneath ethmoid bone, lined with olfactory n
Spheno-ethmoidal Recess
Opening of sphenoid sinus to nasal cavity
-above and more posterior to superior nasal concha
Superior nasal meatus
- openings of ethmoidal sinuses
- below superior nasal concha
Middle Nasal Meatus
Opening of frontal sinus (to anterior, before semilunar hiatus) and maxillary sinus to posterior of semilunar hiatus
Below middle nasal concha
Inferior nasal meatus
Underneath inferior nasal concha
-opens for nasolacrimal duct
Why nose runs when crying
Maxillary artery of Nasal Cavity
Gives off branches:
- sphenopalatine
- anterior and posterior ethmoidal a
- greater palatine a
Facial Artery and Nasal Cavity
Superior labial a
-upper lip
Lateral nasal Branches
-side of nose
Kiesselbach area
Where all 5 nasal arteries meet; can bleed profusely
Sphenopalatine a most important
5 arteries of Keisselbach area
- Sphenopalatine**
- anterior and posterior ethmoidal a
- greater palatine
- superior labial
- lateral nasal branches
Venous Drainage from Nasal Cavity
Into sphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins
Maxillary Sinus
Drains via maxillary optimum into middle meatus
A: superior alveolar branches of maxillary a and greater palatine a
N: superior alveolar n branches (V2)
Ethmoid Sinus
Air cells between orbits; drain into middle meatus and superior meatus
Arterial supply: ethmoidal a (from ophthalmic a)
N: nasocilliary n (CN V1)
Sphenoid Sinus
Drains via spheno-ethmoidal recess
A: posterior ethmoid a
N: posterior ethmoid n (V1)
Frontal Sinus
Drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
A: supraorbital a and anterior ethmoidal a
N: supraorbital n (V1)
Pterygopalatine Fossa
Small space found inferior to apex of orbit
Openings of Pterygopalatine Fossa
Lateral: pterygomaxillary fissure
Posterior: pharyngeal canal, Pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum
Medial: sphenopalatine foramen
Inferior: palatine canal
Superior: inferior orbital fissure
Contents of pterygopalatine fossa:
Maxillary N (CN V2)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Third part of Maxillary A
Maxillary N Within the Pterygopalatine Fossa
Maxillary n
-Zygomatic N
—zygomaticofacial n
—zygomaticotemporal n—>comm branches conveys psym to lacrimal n (V1)
-pterygopalatine n
Parasympathetics of Pterygopalatine Fossa
Facial N sends fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion via greater petrosal n
From here, ganglion sends psym fibers via zygomatic nerve (V2), which then sends communicating branches to Lacrimal N (V2) to lacrimal gland
Sympathetics of Pterygopalatine Fossa
Presynaptic sympathetic fibers are from superior cervical ganglion, send deep petrosal n via internal carotid plexus to pterygopalatine ganglion
—deep petrosal n joins w maxillary n (CNV2) in ganglion
Branches of Maxillary A: Mandibular Part
Inferior alveolar a: to mandible and teeth
Anterior Tympanic A: tympanic cavity
Deep Auricular: TMJ, external auditory canal
Middle Meningeal: Meninges, and trigeminal ganglion
Accessory Meningeal: otic ganglion
Branches of Maxillary A: Pterygoid (Muscular) Part
Masseteric a: masseter and TMJ
Deep Temporal a: temporalis m
Pterygoid branches: pterygoid muscles
Buccal: buccinator
Branches of Maxillary A: Pterygopalatine Part
Descending Palatine a :Hard palate, soft palate
Posterosuperior alveolar a: maxillary molars
Infraorbital A: maxillary alveoli
A of pterygoid canal:
Sphenopalatine: lateral wall of nasal cavity, nasal septum
Pterygopalatine Fossa BoundariesA
Superior: Sphenoid B Anterior: Maxillary Tuberosity Medial: palatine B Posterior: Pterygoid Process of Sphenoid Inferior: none; retropharyngeal space
What enters and exits the pterygomaxillary fissure?
The Maxillary A enters, the posterior superior alveolar n exits
What enters and exits the pterygoid canal?
The N to Pterygoid canal enters, while the a of pterygoid canal leaves
What enters the foramen rotundum?
The maxillary V2 branch of trigeminal enters
What exits the pharyngeal canal?
The pharyngeal a and n
What exits palatine canal?
The greater and lesser palatine a and n
What exits the sphenopalatine foramen?
The nasopalatine n, the posterior superior nasal n, and sphenopalatine a
What exits the inferior orbital fissure?
The zygomatic n carrying Psym and Sym, and infraorbital a and N
