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Additional Lectures Neuro T1 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral level C3-C4

A

Body of hyoid bone

Upper margin of thyroid cartilage

Bifurcation of Common carotid a

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2
Q

Vertebral Level of C5-C6

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage, superior esophagus and superior trachea

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3
Q

Posterior Triangle Boarders

A

SCM, Trapezius, and Clavicle

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4
Q

Posterior Triangle Floor

A

Splenius Capitis, semispinalis capitis, Scalenes, Levator scapula

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5
Q

Posterior Triangle Arteries

A

Thyrocervical gives off two branches:

Transverse Cervical A

  • deep (dorsal scapular s)
  • superficial

Suprascapular A

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6
Q

Posterior Triangle Veins

A

External Jugular Vein
-blood from posterior retromandibular v and posterior auricular v anterior to SCM
—drains into subclavian v

Subclavian v
-combines with internal jugular v to form brachiocephlaic v

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7
Q

Posterior Triangle Cutaneous N

A

Lesser Occipital:
-Skin of neck and scalp behind ear

Great Auricular:
-jaw muscle and ear

Transverse Cervical:
-skin of anterior neck

Suprascapular:
-skin over clavicle and shoulder

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8
Q

Posterior Triangle Motor N

A

Spinal Accessory N (CN XI)
-SCM and Trapezius M

Phrenic
-in front of ant. Scalene m, supplies diaphragm (C3, C4, C5)

Roots of Brachial Plexus

Ansa Cervicalis: in fascia over carotid sheath

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9
Q

Most commonly damaged nerve in posterior triangle?

A

Spinal Accessory N.

-most commonly accidentally cut during surgery

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10
Q

Torticollis

A

Shortening of SCM; head tilts toward, and turns face away from affected side

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11
Q

Submandibular Triangle (boarders, floor, contents)

A

Boarders: mandible above, a and p bellies of digastric m

Floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus m, and middle pharyngeal constrictor m

Content:

  • Submandibular gland and LN
  • Hypoglossal N and N to mylohyoid m
  • Part of Facial A and V
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12
Q

Submental Triangle (boarders, floor, contents)

A

Boarders: Most anterior and middle!
-hyoid, midline of neck, anterior belly of digastric m

Floor: mylohyoid m

Contents:

  • submental LN
  • Veins that form anterior jugular v
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13
Q

Muscular Triangle Boarders

A

Omohyoid, SCM, and Median plane of neck

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14
Q

Muscular Triangle Muscles

A

Sternohyoid (from sternum to hyoid)

Sternothyroid (sternum to thyroid)

Thyrohyoid: from thyroid to hyoid

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15
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents: viscera

A

Thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, and espophagus

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16
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents: Arteries

A

Common carotid a, superior thyroid a (from external carotid), inferior thyroid a (from throcervical trunk)

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17
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents: Nerves

A

Ansa cervicalis, external laryngeal n (from superior laryngeal n), recurrent laryngeal n (from vagus, forms inferior laryngeal n)

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18
Q

Carotid Triangle Boarders

A

Superior Belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, and SCM

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19
Q

Carotid Triangle Floor

A

thyrohyoid, hypoglossus, middle and inferior constrictor muscles of pharynx

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20
Q

Carotid Triangle: Carotid Sheath

A

Common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular v, vagus n, deep cervical LN, carotid sinus n, sympathetic n fibers

Ansa cervicalis anterior or embedded within

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21
Q

Carotid Triangle Contents: Arteries

A

Branches of external carotid a

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22
Q

Carotid Triangle N

A

Internal and external laryngeal n, hypoglossal n, spinal accessory n, and ansa cervicalis

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23
Q

Carotid Triangle Vasculature

A

Superior Thyroid: gives rise to superior laryngeal a, supplies thyroid

Ascending Pharyngeal: only medial branch

Lingual A:anterior to middle pharyngeal constrictor, deep to hypoglossal n and stylohyoid m

Facial A: gives rise to ascending palatine a and tonsillar a, found deep to submandibular glands

Occipital A: passes superficial to ICA and hypoglossal n

Posterior auricular A: ascends between external acoustic meats and mastoid process

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24
Q

External carotid terminates as..

A

Maxiallary a and superficial temporal a in the face

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25
Q

Carotid Sinus

A

Bulge in the internal carotid A

-acts as baroreceptor for BP

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26
Q

Carotid Body

A

Mass of tissue that receives inner action from Glossopharyngeal N (CN XI)
-acts as chemoreceptor

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27
Q

Vagus N Branches

A

Pharyngeal Branch

Superior laryngeal

  • internal branch
  • external branch
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28
Q

Thoracic Inlet

A

Superior thoracic aperture where food and air enter INTO

29
Q

Thoracic Outlet

A

Clinician reference where arteries and nerves come OUT of

30
Q

Contents of Thoracic Outlet/Inlet

A

Apex of lung, subclavian a and v, brachial plexus, vagus n, phrenic n, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, sympathetic chain, trachea and esposphagus

31
Q

CN: Phrenic N

A

Sole supplier of diaphragm

  • MUST be identified during surgery
  • arises in neck, so if injury below the neck then person can still breath
32
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

Anterior Rami of C1-C4

Superficial-Sensory
-Lesser Occipital, Great Auricular, Supraclavicular, Transverse Cervical

Deep-motor
-Phrenic and Ansa Cervicalis

33
Q

Sympathetic Trunk

A

Extends to C1 or base of Skull

Made up of three ganglion:

Superior C1-C2

Middle C6, smallest

Inferior C7 T process
-80% fuses with stellate ganglion

34
Q

Superficial Fascia and Platysma

A

Subcutaneous layer

-contains cutaneous n, blood and lymph vessels, LN, fat

35
Q

Platysma M

A

Muscle of Facial expression, therefore innervated by Facial N (CN VII)

36
Q

Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

A

Most Superficial, incloses SCM and Trapezius

  • encloses parotid and submandibular glands
  • attaches to occipital and temporal bones, zygomatic arches
  • extends into manubrium
37
Q

Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

A

Located anterior neck region only, blends with pericardium of heart

38
Q

Prevertebral Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

A

Encloses vertebral Column and muscles

-extends laterally as axillary sheath and from cranial base into mediastinum

39
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Posterior to pharynx, bound by buccopharyngeal fascia, prevertebral fascia, and carotid sheaths laterally
-extends from skull to mediastinum

40
Q

Retropharyngeal Abscess

A

Develops secondary to lymphatic drainage, or contiguous spread of upper respiratory infections

  • can cause swelling, difficultly in swallowing and speech
  • can be life threatening
41
Q

Thyroid Gland Location

A

Deep tp sternothyroid and sternohyoid m

-C5-T1 level

42
Q

Thyroid Gland Arterior and Venous Supply

A

Arteries:

  • superior and inferior thyroid
  • thyroid ima artery: found in 10%; be aware during tracheotomy

Veins:
-superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins from thyroid plexus of veins

43
Q

Larynx

A

At C3-C6, connected to pharynx and trachea

-helps talk and breath

44
Q

Thyroid Cartilage Features

A

Located at C4

  • laminae in front,
  • laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)
  • superior thyroid notch
  • superior and inferior thyroid horns
45
Q

Cricoid cartilage features

A

Located at C6

  • signet ring in front with laminae in back
  • arch above signet ring
46
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: laryngeal Cavity

A

Extends laryngeal inlet, communicates w laryngopharynx, to inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage;
-continuous w trachea

47
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: laryngeal vestibule

A

Between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

48
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal Ventricle

A

Between vestibular and vocal folds

49
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Infraglottic cavity

A

Between vocal folds and inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage

50
Q

Laryngeal Spaces: Roma glottidis

A

Between vocal folds

51
Q

Cricothyroid (innervation and action)

A

Innervated by external laryngeal n

Stretches and tenses vocal ligament

52
Q

Thyro-arytenoid M (innervation and action)

A

Innervated by inferior laryngeal n

Relaxes vocal ligament

53
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid Ligament (innervation and action)

A

Innervated by inferior laryngeal n

ONLY ABDUCTOR OF VOCAL FOLDS

54
Q

Lateral Crico-arytenoid M (innervation and action)

A

Innervated by inferior laryngeal N

Adducts vocal folds

55
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoids (innervation and action)

A

Innervated by inferior laryngeal n

Adducts vocal folds

56
Q

Vocalis M (innervation and action)

A

Innervated by inferior pharyngeal N

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament, while maintaining tension on anterior part

57
Q

Superior laryngeal A

A

Supplies superior larynx above vocal folds

58
Q

Inferior Laryngeal a

A

Accompanies inferior laryngeal nerve

-supplies inferior larynx below vocal folds

59
Q

Superior Laryngeal N

A

Branches into internal and external branches

Internal branch:
-sensory above folds

external branch
-innervated cricothyroid m

60
Q

Inferior laryngeal N

A

Terminal branch of recurrent laryngeal n

Sensory and Motor
-all intrinsic muscles besides cricothyroid

Sensory below vocal folds

61
Q

Occipital LN

A

Drain posterior scalp and neck

Passes to superficial cervical LN

62
Q

Mastoid LN

A

Posterolateral half of scalp

Passes to superficial cervical nodes

63
Q

Pre-auricular LN and Parotid LN

A

Drains anterior ear, anterolateral scalp, upper half of face

Passes to deep cervical nodes

64
Q

Submandibular LN

A

Follows facial artery, drains parties of mouth

Passes to deep cervical nodes

65
Q

Submental LN

A

Drains lower lip, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth

Passes to deep cervical nodes

66
Q

Superficial Cervical LN

A

Receive lymph from occipital and mastoid LN, will pass to deep cervical LN

67
Q

Deep Cervical LN

A

Jugulodigastric: most superior of deep LN

Jugular-omohyoid: associated w lower deep cervical LN

68
Q

Right Lymph Duct

A

Right side of chest, UE, neck, and head

69
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

Left side of head, chest, and neck, and UE and both LEs

Additional Lectures Neuro T1 (11 decks)

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