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GEL 012 - FINAL > Pterosaurs > Flashcards

Pterosaurs Flashcards

1
Q

Ptero-sauria

A

Winged Lizard

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2
Q

Features

A

Wings
Digit IV (ring finger, longest finger for pterosaurs)
Tails
Long or short tail, without much muscle
Shorter tail -> more derived -> towards tip of tree
Hairs
To maintain body temperature
Short torso
Fused backbones of torso in derived forms

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3
Q

Time period

A

triassic (NA) < jurassic (NA + SA) < cretaceous (everywhere)

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4
Q

Major groups of Pterosaurs

A

Basal - long tail
intermediate - still long tail
basal pterodactyls - short tail
Derived - short tail

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5
Q

major groups of pterosaurs (continued)

A

Pterodactyloidea - short tail

Macronychoptera - long tail

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6
Q

When was the diversity of pterosaurs the highest?

A

Most diversity in createous from most derived

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7
Q

Eudimorphodon

A 
basal - Norian - NA dinosaur
Late triassic italy
Heavy head, big teeth
2 big teeth, teeth found in insectivores
Lived close to coastline - bahama like  - shallow water
Walked up tree, took off from there
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8
Q

Rhamphorynchus

A

Intermediate

Dusk time flyer

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9
Q

Sordes

A

Intermediate

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10
Q

Jeholopterus

A

had hairs

Intermediate

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11
Q

Basal pterodactyls

A

Pterodactylus
Side branch - ctenochasma
side branch - Pterodaustro

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12
Q

ctenochasma

A

Basal pterodactyl
Comb jaw
elongated jaw

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13
Q

Pterodaustro

A 
Basal pterodactyl
Elongated lower jaw
Removed top part
Basket jaw
Shorter tails
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14
Q

what species was found in texas and what bones did they find

A

Quetzalcoatlus
Pteranodon
15 m
Only humerus found

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15
Q

Derived pterodactyls

A 
Pteranodon
Anhanguera
Big crest (Azhdarchoidea)
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16
Q

Pteranodon

A

Derived pterodactyl
Wingspan of 7 m
No teeth
“Wings without teeth”

17
Q

Anhanguera

A

Derived pterodactyl
Brazil
5m

18
Q

Big crest (Azhdarchoidea)

A

Derived pterodactyls
1m
Tupuxuara
Tapejara

19
Q

How different are pterosaur, bat, and bird wings?

A

Pterosaurs have biggest hand
Birds have smallest hand
Pterosaurs collagen fingers used to help with wing structure which helps makes wings stronger

20
Q

What kind of fliers were pterosaurs?

A

Closer to birds than bats (skeleton wise)
Pterosaurs have efficient, high AR wings
Pterosaurs - marine slope soarers
Not best but good enough to fly slow, lower wing loading
Low wing loading
Efficient gliders not the best flappers

21
Q

AR (Aspect Ratio)

A

span/wing area or span / average chord
High AR wings more breakable than low
elongated wings

22
Q

Wing loading

A

body mass/wing area
Low wing loading - lighter- stays in air longer - slow flight
High wing loading - heavier - stay in air shorter - faster flight

23
Q

could pterosaurs fly even if they were big

A

diagrams /model said that over 20 kg couldn’t fly

24
Q

How did pterosaurs breathe?

A

Bird sac system

25
Q

bird sac system

A

Filled with balloons
More than 3 parts/balloons
Stores air, lightens body
Lung air flow is unidirectional therefore can process oxygen faster than humans since air can go in 1 direction

26
Q

did basal or derived forms of pterosaurs have the air sac system?

A

Derived pterosaurs had air sacs

27
Q

What were the largest and smallest pterosaurs?

A 
Smallest - nemicolopterus 
wingspan 25 cm
Pterosaurs never got so small like birds and bats
Biggest - quetzalcoatlus 
Wingspan of 15 m
28
Q

What did pterosaurs eat?

A

Fish and squid
Fish if they lived near coast
Others used beak to catch prey
Others ate shrimp

29
Q

What ate pterosaurs?

A

Velociraptor ate pterosaurs (had bones of a pterosaurs w a 2m span in stomach)
dinosaurs, sea reptiles, crocodiles, and large fish
(best evidence for dinosaurs)

30
Q

What did Rhamphorynchus eat

A

Squid, fish eater

31
Q

How did sordes catch their prey

A

(intermediate)

Captured w fish in foot

32
Q

Haired pterosaurs?

A

insectivores (ate insects),

short beak things

33
Q

Quetzalcoatlus

A 
Derived pterodactyl
Not close to coast
50 km from coast
Small vertebrae
Ate from land

GEL 012 - FINAL (7 decks)

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