PTE Irrationality Flashcards
What may cause someone to believe in a conspiracy theory?
They experience marginalisation, stress or injustice and feel embattled and mistrustful towards the world. If an event that makes them feel the same way occurs (e.g. their chosen representative loses the election) they assume it the same as before - that they are a victim in some way. For them to be a victim, someone else must be a perpetrator.
What makes conspiracy theories appealing?
Simple and easy to pass on and understand
Need a villain or scapegoat
Confirm current biases
Provide certainty in an uncertain world
Feel clever, superior and like they are part of something (‘everyone else are sheep!’)
What are some negatives of biases?
Less rationality
Bad decisions
Not open-minded
Less free will
Cause division
What are some positives of biases?
Self- and cultural identity
Connect with others
Have opinions
What is intentionality bias?
The assumption that all mistakes/problems/things you disagree with are a result of the maliciousness of one person.
What is causality bias?
The propensity to believe that there are simple explanations for everything.
What are some cons of having a ‘need for uniqueness’?
Arrogant and egotistical
Feeling of superiority
Alienation of others
Don’t listen to others
Purposefully disagree with the majority, even if clear evidence
