PTB Flashcards
Causes of TB
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB): majority of cases
Less common species (- bovis,africanum)
Risk factors of TB
Poverty/ Overcrowding / limited healthcare access
High risk professionals: healthcare workers
Immune deficiency : HIV, DM, CA, SILICOSIS
Very young & very old
IV drug use
Recent infection
Suspected tb
Tb exposure and active tb
Hallmarks of active disease on CXR
Primary:
lymphadenopathy
consolidation
nodules
pleural effusion
miliary nodules
Post Primary (reactivation or second infection):
cavitation
nodules
confluent opacities
Primary infection
1st exposure infection
Ghon focus: localized
Ranke complex: local infection with nodal spread
Asymptomatic / symptomatic
CXR: consolidation, atelectasis in children, LAD, pleural
effusion
Consolidation and lymphadenopathy
Pleural effusion (tb infected)
Progressive primary tb
Less common
Rapidly progressive disease
CXR: extensive consolidation and
cavitation
Can mimic post primary MTB
infection
Progressive Primary Tuberculosis
Post primary tb
Reactivation of latent infection or 2nd infection
SS: typical LOW, LOA, NS, fever, haemoptysis
Cavitation common, often apical and posterior segments
of lung, miliary spread, airway stenosis, SPN (occasionally)
Can be progressive
Post primary cavitation
Miliary nodules
Atelectasis
Airway infection
Post TB fibrocystic changes
Fibrocystic/ -nodular change:
scarring, bronchiectasis, nodules
Calcification: parenchymal, nodal
and pleural
Pleural calcification post tb infection
CAVITY WITH ASPERGILLOMA
BA hypertrophy & Rasmussen’s pseudoaneurysm
Lung cancer
Iga sclerosing disease
Sarcoidosis
