PTA Acute Care - Pulmonary Flashcards
medical treatment for Pneumoconiosis
cessation of exposure
nutrition
adequate ventilation
adequate oxygenation
medical treatments for Bronchiectasis
oxygen pulmonary hygiene hydration - helps to loosen secretions antibiotics/vaccines surgical resection (for necrotized tissue)
prognosis, medical treatment and PT treatment for Tuberculosis
Prognosis - fine if you take you meds
Med. Treatment - antibiotics and steroids
PT treatment - treating for decreased endurance
(very contagious - use airborne precautions)
PT treatment for Pneumoconiosis
progressive exercise training to maximize remaining lung function
PT treatments for Bronchiectasis
breathing exercises
effective coughing
postural drainage with percussion and vibration
HEP of PD or ACBTexercise program
signs and symptoms for Bronchiectasis
chronic coughing bouts copious purulent (pus) sputum pneumonia hypoxemia (not enough O2) decreased FEV; increased RV
signs and symptoms of Pneumoconiosis
slight decrease in lung volumes/compliance
dyspnea
cough
black sputum
barrel chest
weight loss - due to not wanting to eat and “working” so hard to breath 24/7
signs and symptoms of viral pneumonia
low grade fever dyspnea decreased appetite persistent, non - productive cough fatigue muscle aches
What are characteristics of COPD?
- obstruction of airflow within airways
- more difficult exhaling air
- too much air may be retained in the lungs
- PFT (pulmonary function test) shows decreased in flow rates and increases in residual volume
what are indications for breathing exercises?
post-op
atelectasis or lung infection
chronic respiratory disease
what are pathological changes in COPD?
- airway narrowing
- parenchymal (lung tissue) destruction
- pulmonary vascular thickening
what are some impairments noted for COPD?
expiratory flow rates are decreased - FVC & FEV1 decreasedresidual volumes are increased
what are some pt interventions for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
breathing exercises
inspiratory mm training
expiratory mm training
what are some reasons we use Pursed Lip Breathing?
Reduces dyspnea
Decreases respiratory rate
COPD; atelectasis; pneumonia
Keeps alveoli open so there is more gas exchange
what are some types of pneumonia?
Bronchopneumonia - inflammation through bronchial tree
Acute lobar pneumonia - inflammation of entire lobe of lung
Segmental pneumonia - localized to 1 or 2 segments of the lobe
what are sternal precautions?
do not put pressure on arms to support upper body do not lift anything over 10 lbs w/ arms avoid pushing or pulling anything do not allow others to pull on you avoid driving for 4-6 weeks precautions for 6-8 weeks
What are the different lobes of the lung?
Right - Upper, Middle, Lower
Left - Upper, Lower
What does surfactant do?
Reduces surface tension
is a chemical that keeps alveoli from collapsing
What comprises the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea - C shaped rings keep it from collapsing
Left and right bronchi -( right is more vertical, usually where aspiration occurs)
Bronchioles:
- terminal (where the lungs connect)
- respiratory - alveoli are connected to them
Alveoli - ducts and sacs (gas exchange occurs)
what is and why do we use paced breathing?
coordinating activity with breathing
- used to decrease work of breathing and dyspnea during activity
use this type of breathing with activity; then when patient needs to stop use Pursed lip breathing
What is Bronchial Circulation?
actual arteries that supply lung tissue with blood
what is Bronchiectasis?
an abnormal dilation due to destruction of elastic/muscular components
caused by uncontrolled severe necrotizing infections and bronchial obstructionan obstructive lung disease
what is FEV1?
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second - Liter/sec
what is FVC?
Forced Vital Capacity - forced amount of air coming out of lungs