PTA Acute Care - Diabetes Flashcards
discuss the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus
- 25.8 million children and adults
- Men (more than women)
- Race – Hispanic
7th leading cause of the death
What is IDDM?
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- Type I Diabetes
- Absolute deficiency of insulin
- Onset < 25
- Normal or thin body weight
What is NIDDM?
Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- Type II Diabetes
- Resistance to Insulin
- Onset usually > 40
- Obesity associated with receptor resistance
- 80% are obese
What is Gestational Diabetes?
a Temporary condition
- Occurs in 4% of pregnant women
- Due to hormone production
- Only affects the baby if uncontrolled
what is the role of Insulin?
- Insulin is needed to open cells so glucose can get in and be used.
- Insulin metabolizes blood sugar
what produces Insulin?
Beta cell in the Pancreas
identify 4 theoretical etiologies for diabetes mellitus
- Genetics
- Viral infections
- Obesity
- Stress
Identify and describe the 7 clinical symptoms which Type I diabetics exhibit
C: Constant Urination (polyuria) A: Abnormal Thirst (polydipsia) U: Unusual Hunger (polyphagia) T: The Rapid Loss Of Weight I: Irritability O: Obvious Weakness And Fatigue N: Nausea And Vomiting
Identify and describe the 8 clinical symptoms which Type II diabetics exhibit
D: Drowsiness I: Itching A: A family history of Diabetes B: Blurred Vision E: Excessive Weight T: Tingling, and numbness, pain in extremities (stocking glove syndrome) E: Easily fatigued S: Skin infections and slow healings of cuts/scratches
What are the laboratory findings for diabetes?
- Hyperglycemia – high levels of blood glucose (normal are 80-120); if above 120 take insulin if above 200 you do not work w/ them
- Glycosuria – sugar in urine
- Abnormal glucose tolerance test
What are 7 Common Complications of Diabetes?
- Hyperglycemia
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Hypoglycemia/Insulin Shock
- Enhanced arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Insulin allergies
- Poor vision
describe Diabetic Ketoacidosis
blood glucose is increased for too long. Causes blood to become acidic b/c kidneys can’t keep up. An emergency!
- Causes:
- Too little insulin, Failure to follow diet, Physical/ emotional stress, Undiagnosed diabetes
- Patient develops rapid breathing causing coma or kidney failure
- Signs and symptoms:
- Acetone breath
- Increased & weak pulse
- Increased RR
- Dehydration
- Treat with Insulin
instead of breaking down sugar, body is breaking down fatty acids (keto ACID osis)
describe Hypoglycemia / Insulin Shock
- too much insulin / blood glucose too low
- supposed to be eating a certain way for insulin to work
- if take insulin without proper eating, insulin has nothing to work with
- make sure your diabetic pt eats
- this is the one where you give the pt some food
- avoid coma
Why might the diabetic patient develop arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis?
because of the amount of sugar in body, plaque builds up
what is Diabetic Neuropathy?
- decrease sensory in motor nerve functions
-> loss of sensation
-> increase in wounds and infection
(diabetic wounds are non-painful and lower weight bearing surfaces, arterial are higher up)
