PTA Acute Care - Cardiopulmonary Parameters

Question 1

Heart Rate = HR

Answer 1

• At rest = 72 beats/minute. Range = 60-90 b/min

* At peak exercise = 180-210 b/min.

Question 2

Respiratory Rate = RR

Answer 2

• At rest = 12-20 breaths/ minute.

* At peak exercise = 40-50 breaths/ minute

Question 3

Blood Pressure = BP

Answer 3

• At rest = <215-220/80

Question 4

Pulse Oximetry = SpO2

Answer 4

• Indicates oxygen saturation of the arterial blood

* 95 to 100% in adults

Question 5

Pulmonary Ventilation = VE

Answer 5

• At rest = 6 liters/minute.

* At peak exercise = 100 liters/min.

Question 6

Arterial – Venous Oxygen Concentration Difference

= a-vo2 difference

Answer 6

• At rest: a-vo2 difference = 40 ml O2/ liter blood.

* At peak exercise = 160 ml O2/ liter blood

Question 7

Stroke Volume = SV

Answer 7

Definition: The volume of blood ejected with each heart beat.

• S.V. = end diastolic volume – end systolic volume.
• At rest = 70 ml/beat
• At peak exercise = 150 ml/beat

Question 8

Cardiac Output = CO = Q

Answer 8

Definition: Volume of blood ejected per minute.

• Q = S.V. x H.R.
• At rest = 5 liters/minute = 5000 ml/ min
• At peak exercise = 30 liters/min.

Question 9

Oxygen Consumption or Oxygen Uptake = Vo2

Answer 9

• Vo2= HR x S.V. x a-vo2 difference.
• Vo2= Q x a-vo2 difference.
• At rest = 5 liters/ min. x 40 ml O2/ liter blood.
  = 200 ml O2/ min. = 0.2 liters O2/ min.
• Also expressed in relation to body weight = 3.5 ml O2/kg/min.
• At peak exercise = 5-6 liters / minute.

Question 10

Ejection Fraction = EF

Answer 10

Definition = Percentage of available blood ejected with each stroke.
* EF = SV/EDV = >55%

Question 11

Arterial Blood Gases = ABG

Answer 11

• Analyzes partial pressure of gases in arterial blood.
• PaO2 = indicates arterial oxygenation
  
  • > 95 to 100 mm Hg; 75 – 80 mm Hg in elderly
• PaCO2 = indicative of alveolar ventilation
  
  • > 35 to 45 mm Hg
• pH = measurement of free hydrogen ion concentration in arterial blood.
  
  • > 7.35 – 7.45 (acidic – basic)

Question 12

Basal Metabolic Rate = BMR

Answer 12

Definition = Energy expenditure at rest.

* BMR = 1.3 kcal/ minute.

Question 13

Metabolic Equivalents = METS

Answer 13

MET = the amount of oxygen consumed per kilogram body weight per minute to perform a given activity.
* 1 MET (at rest) = 3.5ml/kg/min.