Pta Flashcards
1
Q
(S)OAP
A
All pertinent data obtained from the patient
2
Q
S(O)AP
A
Measurements and functional levels with gait, transfers, modalities
3
Q
SO(A)P
A
Any limitations barriers to reaching goals, Goa status, prognosis, tolerance to interventions used that session (how the patient responds)
4
Q
SOA(P)
A
Written plan for next session
5
Q
ICF health condition
A
Disorder, disease, injury, trauma
Example: COPD, fracture, leukemia
6
Q
ICF body function
A
Physiological functions for body system
Example: decreased strength, decreased ROM, edema
7
Q
ICF body structures
A
The anatomical parts of the body
Example: heat, femur, ear
8
Q
ICF activities
A
Execution of a task or action by the patient
9
Q
ICF activity limitation
A
Something that stops the patient from performing tasks
Example: unable to ascend stairs
10
Q
ICF participation
A
Involvement o life situations
Example: unable to put shoes on
11
Q
ICF disability
A
Physical or mental impairments that limit life activities.
12
Q
Goniometry documentation
A
First number: extension
Second number: starting
Third number: flexion
13
Q
Frontal plane
A
Anterior- posterior
14
Q
Sagittal
A
Medial-lateral
15
Q
Transverse
A
Vertical
16
Q
minimal assistance
A
Patient performs 75% or more
17
Q
Moderate assistance
A
Patient performs 50-74 5
18
Q
Maximal assistance
A
Patient performs 25-49%
19
Q
Dependent
A
Total physical assistance
20
Q
Hip precautions
A
No flexion greater than 90 degrees, no adduction
21
Q
Nosocomial disease
A
Disease contracted from hospital
22
Q
What is the best way to stop infection
A
Hand washing
23
Q
What is the most objective grade for MMT
A
3
24
Q
Concentric muscle contraction
A
Contraction of the muscle
25
Eccentric muscle contraction
Lengthening of the muscle
26
Active assistance
Eternal force is used to assist the patient to perform the exercise
27
Blanching
Test where skin turns white after pressure is applied
28
Sheering force
Skin sliding against opposite direction of force
29
PTAS do not
Prognosis, evaluation, examination
30
Normal blood pressure
120/80
31
Normal pulse
60-100 beats per minute
32
What type of arm positioning should you use when lifting objects or helping patients
Short lever arm
33
What does good posture look like
Neutral pelvis, not slouching, standing up straight
34
Why are proper body mechanics important
Energy conservation
Lesser stress on muscles and joints
Promotes body control and body system function
35
True or false: you should widen your base of support when lifting something
True
36
true or false: you should lift with your back and not your legs
False
37
What should you avoid when lifting an object
Twisting
38
WBOS
Wide base of support
39
COS
Center of gravity
40
Adduction
Moving toward the midline of the body
41
Abduction
Moving away from the midline of the body
42
Extension
Straightening or widening the angle of a joint
43
Flexion
Bending or lessening the angle of a joint
44
What is blanching
Skin becomes white when pressure is applied and color returns when pressure is resolved
45
Ischemia
Deficiency of blood to a part of the body and can lead to cell death
46
Reassure ulcers
Tissue damage caused when skin and underlying soft tissue are composed between a bony prominence and external surface for an extended period of time
47
maceration
Softening of a solid via contact with liquid
48
Shear
Applied force that tends to cause an opposite, but parallel, sliding motion of the plans of an object
49
Contracture
Softening or tightening of the skin, muscle, fascia, or joint that prevents normal movement or flexibility
50
What does laying in supine look like
Laying n your back
51
What does side-lying look like
Laying on your side
52
What does laying in prone look like
Laying on your stomach
53
How often should you reposition a patient
Every 2 hours
54
What could happen if a patient isn’t repositioned often enough
Contractures
Pressure ulcers
Patient can be uncomfortable
55
What should you do first when working with a patient
Introduce yourself and explain your planned treatment
56
What is a common area of contracture when a patient is laying in supine
Ankle planter flexors
57
Always ask for ———- form your patient
Consent
58
Independent transfer
The patient can perform a transfer without any type of verbal or manual assistance
59
Assisted transfer
Patient participates actively yet requires physical help or verbal cues
60
Contact warding
The caregiver is optioned close to the patient with his or her hands on the patient or gait bled and the patient will likely require protection during the performance of the activity
61
What is the goal of treatment
Patient can perform activities independently
62
Always anticipate….
Problem
63
What should the patient avid when they have a total hip replacement?
No adduction, no rotation, no extension beyond neutral position, no flexion above 90 degrees
64
What type of transfer should you use if your patient had back surgery
Log roll
65
What should be avoided whenever your patient has burns
Any shearing forces
66
Hemiplegia
Partially paralyzed
67
When transferring a patient, do not let them…
Hold onto you, specially around your neck
68
W/C
Wheelchair
69
Sliding board transfers are good for patients that…
Are alert and have good upper body strength
70
What side hound you stand on when assisting a patient?
Their bad side or weak side
71
What side should you transfer a patient to?
Their good side
72
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen in a tissue
73
Apical pulse
The pulse of the heart
74
Apnea
Absence of breathing
75
Arrhythmia
Variation from normal rhythm
76
Auscultation
Listening to the sounds within the body with stethoscope or unaided ear
77
Cardiac output
Amount of blood that is pumped from the heart during each contraction
78
orthopnea
Condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight
79
How do you assist a person with orthopnea when they are struggling to breathe in a certain position?
Prop them up with pillow while they are laying down supine
80
Rale
Abnormal respiratory sound; a crackling noice
81
Stridor
A high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the larynx
82
What are the four vital signs
Heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and pain
83
What is the baseline
An individuals vitals
84
Pulse
Wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of heart
85
What is a normal pulse for an adult
60-100 beats per minute
86
Children have a ———- pulse rate than adults
Higher
87
Where is radial pulse taken
On the wrist under the thumb
88
Where is brachial pulse taken
On the anterior/ median side of the elbow
89
where is the carotid pulse taken
On the neck under the jawline
90
Heart rate should———- when the patient performs physical activity and should then——- back to normal around -5 minutes pos workout
Rise;lower
91
What factors can affect pulse
Emotional status, gender, medications, disease, physical shape, gender, age
92
Wrong and regular pulse
Goo force and even beats
93
Weak and regular pulse
For force and even beats
94
Irregular pulse
Strong and weak beats
95
Threads pulse
Weak force and uneven beats
96
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate greater than 100bpm
97
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate less than 60bpm
98
Systolic pressure
The blood pressure generated by the heart urging contraction (first sound, top number)
99
Diastolic pressure
Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions (bottom number)
100
What is normal blood pressure
120/80 or less
101
Elevated blood pressure
120-129/80 or less
102
High blood pressure (hypertension stage 1)
130-139/80-89
103
High blood pressure (hypertension stage 2)
140 or higher/ 90 or higher
104
Hypertensive crisis
180 or higher/ 120 or higher
105
What side normally has a higher blood pressure reading
Left UE
106
What if a patient has lymphedema on one of their arms
Avoid taking blood pressure on that side
107
Blood pressure——- as you age
Rises
108
What factors affect blood pressure
Age, physical activity, emotional status, medication, position, disease
109
What is a normal respiratory rate
12-20 breathe per minute
110
how is pain measured
On a scale of 0-10
111
Active exercise
Patient performs exercise with voluntary muscle contraction
112
Passive exercise
Patient is unable or not permitted to contact muscles; maintains what we have, no range of motion gained
113
PROM
Passive range of motion
114
What is the goal of PROM
Maintain unrestricted joint range
115
AAROM
Active assistive range of motion
116
What is the goal of AAROM
Increase joint range while using muscle contraction and an outside force
117
passive stretching
Increase restricted joint range
118
sagittal plane (motion)
Medial and lateral/ flexion and extension
119
Frontal plane (motion)
Anterior and posterior/ abduction and adduction
120
Transverse plane (motion)
Vertical/ rotation
121
Median
Midline of the body
122
lateral
Away from the midline of the body
123
AROM
Active range of motion; patient performs motion by themselves
124
PNF patterns
Diagonal patterns that are mass movement patterns of a certain body part/joint
125
Soft end feel
Soft tissue compression
Ex: elbow flexion, knee flexion
126
FIM end feel
Ligament/ capsular stretching
Ex: shoulder flexion
127
Hard end feel
Bone to bone
Ex: elbow extension
128
Active assistive exercise
Exercises performed by a person with manual or mechanical assistance
129
Isotonic contraction
Visible joint motion
130
Eccentric contraction (isotonic)
Muscle is lengthening
131
Concentric contraction (isotonic)
Muscle shortens and does work
132
Isometric contraction
Muscle contracts but there is no movement
133
Isokineticcontraction
A muscle contraction while she’s equipment that controls the speed
134
Step sequence with assisted device (ascending)
(If possible) assisted devise in good hand, opposite hand on the rail, put good foot u first, bad for, assisted devise, and move hand on ail as you ascend
(standing to affected side, behind the patient, one hand on gait belt, one hand on affected shoulder, do not have both feet on the same step at once)
135
Step sequence with assisted device (descending)
( if possible) assisted device in good hand, opposite hand on rail, assisted device goes down first, then you bad leg, then your good leg, making sure to progress your Han on the rail as you descend
(Stand on affected side, one hand on gait belt, one hand on affected shoulder, do not have both feet on the same step at once, and stay 2 steps down from patient)
136
Stand pivot transfer W/C to mat with use of walker
Patient can be NWB, PWB, WBAT, and/ or FWB and use walker for transfer
137
Stand pivot transfer W/C to mat with no assisted device
Patient can be NWB, PWB, or WBAT
138
D1 pnf pattern
D1 extension- extension, abdication, internal rotation, think grabbing a sea belt and buckling it
139
D2 pnf pattern
D2 should flexion- flexion, abduction, external rotation, think throwing a baseball
140
Resisted exercise
Strengthens muscles
141
Reasonable accommodation
Any change to the application or hiring process, to the job, the way the is job is down, or the work environment that allows a perform with disability who I qualified for the job to perform the essential functions of that job and enjoy equal employment opportunities
142
What ppe is required for c-diff and MRSA (contact)
Gown and gloves
143
What ppe is required for measles, covid, tb (airborne)
Mask (n-95)
144
What ppe is required for mumps (droplet)
Mask within 3 feet
145
What are the contractures in supine
Hip/knee flexors, ankle plantar flexors, shoulder extensors, adductors, internal rotators, hip external rotators
146
What are the contractures in prone
Forehead or lateral ear, tip of AAROM ion process, anterior humerus, sternum, ASIS, patella, crest of tibia, dorsum of foot
147
Side lying contractures
Lateral ears, lateral ribs, lateral acromion process, lateral head of humerus, med/lat epicondyles, greater trochanter, lateral condole of femur, malleolus of tibia
148
Heart chambers in order of how blood runs through them
Oxygen- pour blood returns to the right atrium via the vena cave, the right atrium contacts sending the blood into the right ventricle, the blood then travels to the lungs becomes oxygen generated and return to the left atrium and left ventricle and then travels throughout the body
149
pulmonary circuit of blood
Blood flow between heart and lungs
150
Systemic circuit of blood
Blood flow between heart an body tissue s
151
layers of the heart
Epicardium: the outermost layer, a serious membrane made up of connective tissue and epithelium, decreases friction n the heart
Myocardium: the middle layer consists of cardiac muscle and is the thickest layer of the heart; pumps blood out of the heart chambers
Endocardium: the inner layer, made up of connective tissue and epithelium, continuous wit the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart
152
What are the most abundant blood vessels in the body
Capillaries
153
MMT grade 5
Hold against maximum resistance
154
MMT grade 4+
Hold against moderate-max resistance
155
MMT grade 4
Hold against mod resistance
156
Mmt grade 4-
Hold against mod-min resistance
157
MMT grade 3+
Hold against min resistance
158
MMT grade of 3
Able to complete full ROM with no pressure
159
MMT grade 3-
Able t complete > 50% of anti-gravity ROM, gradual release from anti-gravity test position
160
MMT grade of 2+
Moves through partial range of motion >0 to < 50% of anti-gravity test position
161
MMT grade 2
Able to complete full ROM in gravity eliminated position
162
MMT grade 2-
Able to complete less then full ROM in gravity eliminated position
163
MMT grade 1+
Trace muscle contraction
164
MMT grade 0
No contraction felt or seen in the muscle
165
Wheelchair fit: seat depth
Measure from posterior buttock to popliteal fold and subtract 2in.
2-3 fingers from front edge of the seat and popliteal fold
166
Wheelchair fit: seat width
Measure widest aspects of buttocks, hips,or thighs and add 1.5in, avg. is 18in. Hand between pt’s hips and armrest
167
wheelchair fit: back height
Measure from the seat of chair to floor of axilla with patients arm flexed to 90 and subtract 3in. ; avg. adult is 16-16.5 in place width of four fingers between the top of the back upholstery and the floor of the axilla
168
Wheelchair fit: armrest height
Measure seat of the chair to olecranon process with patient elbow flexed to 90 and add 1 in; avg. adult 9in. Above chair seat shoulders level when bearing weight on forearm
169
Wheelchair fit: seat height/leg length
Measure from heel to popliteal fold and add 2 in. For clearance of footrest; avg. adult 19.5-20in
2-3 fingers under thigh from the front seat edge
170
Sagittal plane motion
Extension-0-flexion
Doris flexion- 0- plantarflexion
171
Frontal plane motion
Abduction-0-adduction
Version-0-inversion
172
Transverse plant motion
Horizontal abduction-0
Horizontal adduction-0
173
Rotation (axial) plane motion
External rotation-0-
Internal rotation
174
Normal gonio measurements: hip
Flexion: 0-120
Extension: 0-20
Abduction: 0-45
Adduction: 0-25
Int. Rotation: 0-45
Ext. rotation: 0-45
175
Normal gonio measurements: knee
Flexion: 0-135
Extension: 0
176
Fulcrum landmark: shoulder
Flexion/extension
Greater tubercle
Abduction: anterior aspects of acromial process
Int./ext. rotation: olecranon process
177
Fulcrum landmark:knee
Flexion/extension: lateral epicondyle of femur
178
Fulcrum landmark: hip
Flexion/extension: greater trochanter
Abduction/ adduction: ASIS
Int./ext/ rotation; anterior aspect of patella
