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Qualifer Exam > Pta > Flashcards

Pta Flashcards

1
Q

(S)OAP

A

All pertinent data obtained from the patient

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2
Q

S(O)AP

A

Measurements and functional levels with gait, transfers, modalities

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3
Q

SO(A)P

A

Any limitations barriers to reaching goals, Goa status, prognosis, tolerance to interventions used that session (how the patient responds)

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4
Q

SOA(P)

A

Written plan for next session

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5
Q

ICF health condition

A

Disorder, disease, injury, trauma
Example: COPD, fracture, leukemia

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6
Q

ICF body function

A

Physiological functions for body system
Example: decreased strength, decreased ROM, edema

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7
Q

ICF body structures

A

The anatomical parts of the body
Example: heat, femur, ear

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8
Q

ICF activities

A

Execution of a task or action by the patient

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9
Q

ICF activity limitation

A

Something that stops the patient from performing tasks
Example: unable to ascend stairs

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10
Q

ICF participation

A

Involvement o life situations
Example: unable to put shoes on

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11
Q

ICF disability

A

Physical or mental impairments that limit life activities.

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12
Q

Goniometry documentation

A

First number: extension
Second number: starting
Third number: flexion

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13
Q

Frontal plane

A

Anterior- posterior

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14
Q

Sagittal

A

Medial-lateral

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15
Q

Transverse

A

Vertical

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16
Q

minimal assistance

A

Patient performs 75% or more

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17
Q

Moderate assistance

A

Patient performs 50-74 5

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18
Q

Maximal assistance

A

Patient performs 25-49%

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19
Q

Dependent

A

Total physical assistance

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20
Q

Hip precautions

A

No flexion greater than 90 degrees, no adduction

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21
Q

Nosocomial disease

A

Disease contracted from hospital

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22
Q

What is the best way to stop infection

A

Hand washing

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23
Q

What is the most objective grade for MMT

A

3

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24
Q

Concentric muscle contraction

A

Contraction of the muscle

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25
Q

Eccentric muscle contraction

A

Lengthening of the muscle

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26
Q

Active assistance

A

Eternal force is used to assist the patient to perform the exercise

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27
Q

Blanching

A

Test where skin turns white after pressure is applied

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28
Q

Sheering force

A

Skin sliding against opposite direction of force

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29
Q

PTAS do not

A

Prognosis, evaluation, examination

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30
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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31
Q

Normal pulse

A

60-100 beats per minute

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32
Q

What type of arm positioning should you use when lifting objects or helping patients

A

Short lever arm

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33
Q

What does good posture look like

A

Neutral pelvis, not slouching, standing up straight

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34
Q

Why are proper body mechanics important

A

Energy conservation
Lesser stress on muscles and joints
Promotes body control and body system function

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35
Q

True or false: you should widen your base of support when lifting something

A

True

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36
Q

true or false: you should lift with your back and not your legs

A

False

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37
Q

What should you avoid when lifting an object

A

Twisting

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38
Q

WBOS

A

Wide base of support

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39
Q

COS

A

Center of gravity

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40
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward the midline of the body

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41
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body

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42
Q

Extension

A

Straightening or widening the angle of a joint

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43
Q

Flexion

A

Bending or lessening the angle of a joint

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44
Q

What is blanching

A

Skin becomes white when pressure is applied and color returns when pressure is resolved

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45
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood to a part of the body and can lead to cell death

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46
Q

Reassure ulcers

A

Tissue damage caused when skin and underlying soft tissue are composed between a bony prominence and external surface for an extended period of time

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47
Q

maceration

A

Softening of a solid via contact with liquid

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48
Q

Shear

A

Applied force that tends to cause an opposite, but parallel, sliding motion of the plans of an object

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49
Q

Contracture

A

Softening or tightening of the skin, muscle, fascia, or joint that prevents normal movement or flexibility

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50
Q

What does laying in supine look like

A

Laying n your back

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51
Q

What does side-lying look like

A

Laying on your side

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52
Q

What does laying in prone look like

A

Laying on your stomach

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53
Q

How often should you reposition a patient

A

Every 2 hours

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54
Q

What could happen if a patient isn’t repositioned often enough

A

Contractures
Pressure ulcers
Patient can be uncomfortable

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55
Q

What should you do first when working with a patient

A

Introduce yourself and explain your planned treatment

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56
Q

What is a common area of contracture when a patient is laying in supine

A

Ankle planter flexors

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57
Q

Always ask for ———- form your patient

A

Consent

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58
Q

Independent transfer

A

The patient can perform a transfer without any type of verbal or manual assistance

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59
Q

Assisted transfer

A

Patient participates actively yet requires physical help or verbal cues

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60
Q

Contact warding

A

The caregiver is optioned close to the patient with his or her hands on the patient or gait bled and the patient will likely require protection during the performance of the activity

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61
Q

What is the goal of treatment

A

Patient can perform activities independently

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62
Q

Always anticipate….

A

Problem

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63
Q

What should the patient avid when they have a total hip replacement?

A

No adduction, no rotation, no extension beyond neutral position, no flexion above 90 degrees

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64
Q

What type of transfer should you use if your patient had back surgery

A

Log roll

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65
Q

What should be avoided whenever your patient has burns

A

Any shearing forces

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66
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Partially paralyzed

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67
Q

When transferring a patient, do not let them…

A

Hold onto you, specially around your neck

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68
Q

W/C

A

Wheelchair

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69
Q

Sliding board transfers are good for patients that…

A

Are alert and have good upper body strength

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70
Q

What side hound you stand on when assisting a patient?

A

Their bad side or weak side

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71
Q

What side should you transfer a patient to?

A

Their good side

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72
Q

Anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen in a tissue

73
Q

Apical pulse

A

The pulse of the heart

74
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

75
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Variation from normal rhythm

76
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the sounds within the body with stethoscope or unaided ear

77
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood that is pumped from the heart during each contraction

78
Q

orthopnea

A

Condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight

79
Q

How do you assist a person with orthopnea when they are struggling to breathe in a certain position?

A

Prop them up with pillow while they are laying down supine

80
Q

Rale

A

Abnormal respiratory sound; a crackling noice

81
Q

Stridor

A

A high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the larynx

82
Q

What are the four vital signs

A

Heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and pain

83
Q

What is the baseline

A

An individuals vitals

84
Q

Pulse

A

Wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of heart

85
Q

What is a normal pulse for an adult

A

60-100 beats per minute

86
Q

Children have a ———- pulse rate than adults

A

Higher

87
Q

Where is radial pulse taken

A

On the wrist under the thumb

88
Q

Where is brachial pulse taken

A

On the anterior/ median side of the elbow

89
Q

where is the carotid pulse taken

A

On the neck under the jawline

90
Q

Heart rate should———- when the patient performs physical activity and should then——- back to normal around -5 minutes pos workout

A

Rise;lower

91
Q

What factors can affect pulse

A

Emotional status, gender, medications, disease, physical shape, gender, age

92
Q

Wrong and regular pulse

A

Goo force and even beats

93
Q

Weak and regular pulse

A

For force and even beats

94
Q

Irregular pulse

A

Strong and weak beats

95
Q

Threads pulse

A

Weak force and uneven beats

96
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate greater than 100bpm

97
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate less than 60bpm

98
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The blood pressure generated by the heart urging contraction (first sound, top number)

99
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions (bottom number)

100
Q

What is normal blood pressure

A

120/80 or less

101
Q

Elevated blood pressure

A

120-129/80 or less

102
Q

High blood pressure (hypertension stage 1)

A

130-139/80-89

103
Q

High blood pressure (hypertension stage 2)

A

140 or higher/ 90 or higher

104
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

180 or higher/ 120 or higher

105
Q

What side normally has a higher blood pressure reading

A

Left UE

106
Q

What if a patient has lymphedema on one of their arms

A

Avoid taking blood pressure on that side

107
Q

Blood pressure——- as you age

A

Rises

108
Q

What factors affect blood pressure

A

Age, physical activity, emotional status, medication, position, disease

109
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate

A

12-20 breathe per minute

110
Q

how is pain measured

A

On a scale of 0-10

111
Q

Active exercise

A

Patient performs exercise with voluntary muscle contraction

112
Q

Passive exercise

A

Patient is unable or not permitted to contact muscles; maintains what we have, no range of motion gained

113
Q

PROM

A

Passive range of motion

114
Q

What is the goal of PROM

A

Maintain unrestricted joint range

115
Q

AAROM

A

Active assistive range of motion

116
Q

What is the goal of AAROM

A

Increase joint range while using muscle contraction and an outside force

117
Q

passive stretching

A

Increase restricted joint range

118
Q

sagittal plane (motion)

A

Medial and lateral/ flexion and extension

119
Q

Frontal plane (motion)

A

Anterior and posterior/ abduction and adduction

120
Q

Transverse plane (motion)

A

Vertical/ rotation

121
Q

Median

A

Midline of the body

122
Q

lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

123
Q

AROM

A

Active range of motion; patient performs motion by themselves

124
Q

PNF patterns

A

Diagonal patterns that are mass movement patterns of a certain body part/joint

125
Q

Soft end feel

A

Soft tissue compression
Ex: elbow flexion, knee flexion

126
Q

FIM end feel

A

Ligament/ capsular stretching
Ex: shoulder flexion

127
Q

Hard end feel

A

Bone to bone
Ex: elbow extension

128
Q

Active assistive exercise

A

Exercises performed by a person with manual or mechanical assistance

129
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Visible joint motion

130
Q

Eccentric contraction (isotonic)

A

Muscle is lengthening

131
Q

Concentric contraction (isotonic)

A

Muscle shortens and does work

132
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle contracts but there is no movement

133
Q

Isokineticcontraction

A

A muscle contraction while she’s equipment that controls the speed

134
Q

Step sequence with assisted device (ascending)

A

(If possible) assisted devise in good hand, opposite hand on the rail, put good foot u first, bad for, assisted devise, and move hand on ail as you ascend
(standing to affected side, behind the patient, one hand on gait belt, one hand on affected shoulder, do not have both feet on the same step at once)

135
Q

Step sequence with assisted device (descending)

A

( if possible) assisted device in good hand, opposite hand on rail, assisted device goes down first, then you bad leg, then your good leg, making sure to progress your Han on the rail as you descend
(Stand on affected side, one hand on gait belt, one hand on affected shoulder, do not have both feet on the same step at once, and stay 2 steps down from patient)

136
Q

Stand pivot transfer W/C to mat with use of walker

A

Patient can be NWB, PWB, WBAT, and/ or FWB and use walker for transfer

137
Q

Stand pivot transfer W/C to mat with no assisted device

A

Patient can be NWB, PWB, or WBAT

138
Q

D1 pnf pattern

A

D1 extension- extension, abdication, internal rotation, think grabbing a sea belt and buckling it

139
Q

D2 pnf pattern

A

D2 should flexion- flexion, abduction, external rotation, think throwing a baseball

140
Q

Resisted exercise

A

Strengthens muscles

141
Q

Reasonable accommodation

A

Any change to the application or hiring process, to the job, the way the is job is down, or the work environment that allows a perform with disability who I qualified for the job to perform the essential functions of that job and enjoy equal employment opportunities

142
Q

What ppe is required for c-diff and MRSA (contact)

A

Gown and gloves

143
Q

What ppe is required for measles, covid, tb (airborne)

A

Mask (n-95)

144
Q

What ppe is required for mumps (droplet)

A

Mask within 3 feet

145
Q

What are the contractures in supine

A

Hip/knee flexors, ankle plantar flexors, shoulder extensors, adductors, internal rotators, hip external rotators

146
Q

What are the contractures in prone

A

Forehead or lateral ear, tip of AAROM ion process, anterior humerus, sternum, ASIS, patella, crest of tibia, dorsum of foot

147
Q

Side lying contractures

A

Lateral ears, lateral ribs, lateral acromion process, lateral head of humerus, med/lat epicondyles, greater trochanter, lateral condole of femur, malleolus of tibia

148
Q

Heart chambers in order of how blood runs through them

A

Oxygen- pour blood returns to the right atrium via the vena cave, the right atrium contacts sending the blood into the right ventricle, the blood then travels to the lungs becomes oxygen generated and return to the left atrium and left ventricle and then travels throughout the body

149
Q

pulmonary circuit of blood

A

Blood flow between heart and lungs

150
Q

Systemic circuit of blood

A

Blood flow between heart an body tissue s

151
Q

layers of the heart

A

Epicardium: the outermost layer, a serious membrane made up of connective tissue and epithelium, decreases friction n the heart
Myocardium: the middle layer consists of cardiac muscle and is the thickest layer of the heart; pumps blood out of the heart chambers
Endocardium: the inner layer, made up of connective tissue and epithelium, continuous wit the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart

152
Q

What are the most abundant blood vessels in the body

A

Capillaries

153
Q

MMT grade 5

A

Hold against maximum resistance

154
Q

MMT grade 4+

A

Hold against moderate-max resistance

155
Q

MMT grade 4

A

Hold against mod resistance

156
Q

Mmt grade 4-

A

Hold against mod-min resistance

157
Q

MMT grade 3+

A

Hold against min resistance

158
Q

MMT grade of 3

A

Able to complete full ROM with no pressure

159
Q

MMT grade 3-

A

Able t complete > 50% of anti-gravity ROM, gradual release from anti-gravity test position

160
Q

MMT grade of 2+

A

Moves through partial range of motion >0 to < 50% of anti-gravity test position

161
Q

MMT grade 2

A

Able to complete full ROM in gravity eliminated position

162
Q

MMT grade 2-

A

Able to complete less then full ROM in gravity eliminated position

163
Q

MMT grade 1+

A

Trace muscle contraction

164
Q

MMT grade 0

A

No contraction felt or seen in the muscle

165
Q

Wheelchair fit: seat depth

A

Measure from posterior buttock to popliteal fold and subtract 2in.
2-3 fingers from front edge of the seat and popliteal fold

166
Q

Wheelchair fit: seat width

A

Measure widest aspects of buttocks, hips,or thighs and add 1.5in, avg. is 18in. Hand between pt’s hips and armrest

167
Q

wheelchair fit: back height

A

Measure from the seat of chair to floor of axilla with patients arm flexed to 90 and subtract 3in. ; avg. adult is 16-16.5 in place width of four fingers between the top of the back upholstery and the floor of the axilla

168
Q

Wheelchair fit: armrest height

A

Measure seat of the chair to olecranon process with patient elbow flexed to 90 and add 1 in; avg. adult 9in. Above chair seat shoulders level when bearing weight on forearm

169
Q

Wheelchair fit: seat height/leg length

A

Measure from heel to popliteal fold and add 2 in. For clearance of footrest; avg. adult 19.5-20in
2-3 fingers under thigh from the front seat edge

170
Q

Sagittal plane motion

A

Extension-0-flexion
Doris flexion- 0- plantarflexion

171
Q

Frontal plane motion

A

Abduction-0-adduction
Version-0-inversion

172
Q

Transverse plant motion

A

Horizontal abduction-0
Horizontal adduction-0

173
Q

Rotation (axial) plane motion

A

External rotation-0-
Internal rotation

174
Q

Normal gonio measurements: hip

A

Flexion: 0-120
Extension: 0-20
Abduction: 0-45
Adduction: 0-25
Int. Rotation: 0-45
Ext. rotation: 0-45

175
Q

Normal gonio measurements: knee

A

Flexion: 0-135
Extension: 0

176
Q

Fulcrum landmark: shoulder

A

Flexion/extension
Greater tubercle

Abduction: anterior aspects of acromial process

Int./ext. rotation: olecranon process

177
Q

Fulcrum landmark:knee

A

Flexion/extension: lateral epicondyle of femur

178
Q

Fulcrum landmark: hip

A

Flexion/extension: greater trochanter
Abduction/ adduction: ASIS
Int./ext/ rotation; anterior aspect of patella

Qualifer Exam (3 decks)

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