PT3 - Linking The Upper Extremity And The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomical links between the spine and the upper extremity?

A
  • MSK
  • neurological
  • vascular (TOS)
  • pain
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2
Q

What is they bony link between the upper extremity and the thorax?

A
  • clavicle
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3
Q

How does the structure of the SC joint reflect the links between upper extremity and the thorax?

A
  • lots of articular links e.g. ligaments, articular disc for shock absorption, subclavicular muscle
  • breakdown in transfer of force = fracture of clavicle
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4
Q

What is an open chain movement?

A
  • hand moving in space e.g. lateral raise
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5
Q

What is a closed chain movement

A
  • distal end is anchored e.g. pull up
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6
Q

How many planes of movement are available at the scapulothoracic joint?

A
  • 3 planes => sagittal, frontal + transverse
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7
Q

What is the impact of aging on the thorax?

A
  • kyphosis
  • reduced shoulder function
  • not necessarily correlated to pain
  • neurological link between axial spine + limbs = brachial plexus
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8
Q

What happens to the function of the brachial plexus when compromised?

A
  • affect neurological function in upper extremity e.g. sensory/motor
  • might also be a mechanical difference + inhibit movement available e.g. thoracic outlet
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9
Q

What is a common area of compromise of the brachial plexus?

A
  • c-spine e.g. radiculopathy/radicular pain
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10
Q

Which structures can cause referred pain?

A
  • any structures with nociceptive capability
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11
Q

What is referred pain?

A
  • pain felt in a part of the body other than its source
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12
Q

Why does referred pain occur?

A
  • thought to be erroneous signalling from one body part being mis-read at the dorsal horn level (or above) coming from a shared body area
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13
Q

What is referred pain also known as?

A
  • convergence theory of referred pain
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14
Q

What is sclerotome referral?

A
  • all connective tissue of MSK origin stems from sclerotome
  • embryological development => migration to final destination pulling sensory/nociceptive nerve supply
  • wherever tissue are irritated => pain may be felt some distance from site
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15
Q

What is angiotome referral?

A
  • vascular tissue that has migrated e.g. capillary beds and arterioles during embryological development
  • follows the path of connective tissue during migration, but diffuse in skin + subcutaneous tissue
  • nociceptive supply to limbs => sympathetic fibres, T1-L2
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