Psychotherapy intro

Question 1

key concept of classical conditioning

Answer 1

pairing two things not normally paired: conditioning a response from an atypical stimulus

Question 2

define generalization

Answer 2

conditioned response to stimulus similar to conditioned stimulus

poor discrimination= inability to differentiated b/w CS and other stimuli

Question 3

define extinction

Answer 3

CS no longer paired with unconditioned stimulus, decrease or loss of conditioned response

Question 4

define reinforcer vs punisher

Answer 4

consequence that increases frequency of behavior

punisher- decreases frequency

Question 5

positive vs negative reinforcer

Answer 5

positive- something new shows up

negative- something goes away that was present

Question 6

positive reinforcer vs negative reinforcer

Answer 6

positive- reward

negative- relief

Question 7

define shaping

Answer 7

reward increasingly accurate approximations of desired behavior

Question 8

substance use connection to operant conditioning

Answer 8

begins as more of a positive reinforcement, then as dependence develops negative reinforcer

Question 9

observational learning model

Answer 9

attention- retention- initiation- motivation

Question 10

main figure for observational learning

Answer 10

bandura

Question 11

main figures for operant conditioning

Answer 11

skinner and thorndike

Question 12

main figures for classical conditioning

Answer 12

pavlov and watson (little albert)

Question 13

behavioral therapy goal

Answer 13

change ineffective behavior, disrupt ineffective reinforcement schedule

Question 14

3 part basic behavioral model

Answer 14

antecedent- behavior- consequence

Question 15

cognitive and CBT goal

Answer 15

modify distorted cognition and change ineffective behaviors

Question 16

model for cognitive/behavior

Answer 16

situation- automatic thought- emotion

problems arise when schemas distort the automatic thought and give rise to excessive or negative emotion (can feed back into the situation, automatic thoughts, in a loop)

Question 17

behavioral activation example for depression

Answer 17

depression leads to less reinforcement and higher avoidance

instilling different response to situation- higher reinforcement and less avoidance

Question 18

PTSD tx

Answer 18

prolonged exposure- unpairing classically conditioned responses to prevent avoidance

can target cognitive avoidance w/ imaginal exposure and behavioral avoidance w/ in vivo exposure