Psychotherapy- Chapter 12 Flashcards
clinical practice guidelines:
a summary of scientific research, dealing with the diagnosis, assessment, and/or treatment of a disorder, designed to provide guidance to clinicians providing services to patients with the disorder.
empirically based principles of therapeutic change:
client, therapist, therapeutic relationship, and treatment factors that research has found to be associated with successful treatment.
evidence-based psychotherapy relationships:
aspects of the therapeutic relationship that research has found to be associated with successful treatment.
integrative treatment models:
theoretical models that explicitly incorporate into their framework aspects of multiple theoretical approaches and, frequently, common factors.
benchmarking strategy: .
the use of data from empirical studies to provide a comparison against which the effectiveness of clinical services can be gauged.
clinical practice guidelines:
a summary of scientific research, dealing with the diagnosis, assessment, and/or treatment of a disorder, designed to provide guidance to clinicians providing services to patients with the disorder.
effect size:
a standardized metric, typically expressed in standard deviation units or correlations, that allows the results of research studies to be combined and analyzed.
empirically supported treatment
: a psychotherapy that has been found, in a series of randomized controlled trials or single-participant designs, to be efficacious in the treatment of a specific condition.
meta-analysis:
a set of statistical procedures for quantitatively summarizing the results of a research domain.
open trial:
a type of initial, exploratory treatment study in which no control group is used and, typically, few participant exclusion criteria are applied
. randomized controlled trial:
an experiment in which research participants are randomly assigned to one of two or more treatment conditions
H.Eysenck (1952) and Effects
“Effects of Therapy, an Evaluation”
- Psychoanalysis vs. Mixture of therapy vs. no therapy
- NT> mixed > Psycho ( % of improvement )
- no randomized controlled trials
- effects of therapy –> small to non-existent
Smith and Glass (1977 + 1980)
” how big are the effects”
- mean effect sizes = .68 (1977) & .85 (1980)
Efficacy
’ Does the treatment produce change?’
- control research with Random Assignment (RCT)
- independent research teams at least TWO dif studies
or …
‘possibly’ = 1 study or by the same one team
- cost effectiveness ***
- consideration fro short-term vs long-term
Specificity
-superior to control for nonspecific processes (ie. cognitive therapy vs. chatting with friend)
Effective
‘work in the real world’
-studies in naturalistic setting
Supported therapies
- CBT for panic (with and w/o agoraphobia)
- CBT for GAD
- Exposure for agoraphobia
- Exposure and response prevention for OCD
- Behaviour therapy for depression
- Cognitive therapy for depression
- IPT for depression
Problems with EST
RCTs too rigid
•RCT designs place undue weight on efficacy rather than effectiveness
•Selection of uncomplicated diagnostic groups fails to represent needs and responses of usual, complex, comorbid patients seen in practice
•Not applicable to a diverse range of patients varying in personality, race, ethnicity, culture, etc.
•Focus on brief, manualized treatment does not adequately or validly represent psychotherapy that is conventionally practiced
