Psychosocial theory Ch. 1, 6, 7

Question 1

mental health

Answer 1

state of well being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.

Question 2

Mental illness

Answer 2

APA defined: a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational or other important activities.

Question 3

Moral treatment

Answer 3

pivotal stage in the development of psychiatry as a separate medical discipline. Developed by Pinel and Take. Include respect of the individual and a belief that patients would benefit most from a regular daily routine and the opportunity to contribute productively to their own care and to the welfare of society in general through involvement in occupation.

Question 4

Adolph Meyer

Answer 4

physician and founder of occupational therapy.

Question 5

Moral Treatment Principles

Answer 5

1. Development of self-restraint through the use of rewards, which aimed to increase patient’s self-esteem and confidence. By complying with the rule and contributing through productive occupations, patients earned the right to privileges and more comfortable conditions.
2. Elimination of the use of force
3. Provision of a comfortable and humane environment to all.

Question 6

1950’s treatments

Answer 6

1. Prefrontal lobotomy( a kind of brain surgery, often crudely executed)
2. Insulin shock treatment( inducement of coma by lowering blood sugar with injections of insulin)
3. Electroconvulsive (shock) therapy(ECT)

Question 7

1963 Community Mental Health Act

Answer 7

Community mental health centers contraction act Public Law 88-164. This law was designed to establish community based treatments facilities and to move the patients from institutional settings to community living, now that there more extreme symptoms were controlled by medications.

Question 8

Transinstitutionalized

Answer 8

moved from one kind of institutions (jails, prisons, and nursing homes) and not into the community at all.

Question 9

Medicaid and Medicare legislation in 1965

Answer 9

Changed the incentives for the states. Mental health care had been till 1965, a state responsibility but the new legislation made it possible to shift responsibility to the federal government once patients were discharged from the state hospitals. Many transferred to nursing homes.

Question 10

Social and political climate of the 1960’s and 1970’s

Answer 10

increased interest in and funding of mental health research, directed toward those will mild conditions. Mental health professionals including OT’s used newer theories (gestalt therapy, milieu therapy, behavioral therapy, and family therapy during those years.

Question 11

Epigenetics

Answer 11

the study of the events and circumstances that mediate gene expression. Events and circumstances may be prenatal or may occur after birth through disease, stress, or trauma and possibly also exposure to chemicals in the environment.

Question 12

Imaging studies of 1990’s

Answer 12

PET, CT, MRI, and FMRI (brain activation patterns)

Question 13

Recovery movement

Answer 13

consumer movement promotes the idea that people can recover from mental disorders given sufficient time and support.

Question 14

1996 Mental Health Parity Act (MHPA)

Answer 14

signed into law in the U.S., requiring insurance companies to reimburse for mental health care to the same extent as for physical health care.

Question 15

2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act

Answer 15

curb abuses associated with loopholes in the 1996 MHPA.

Question 16

2010 Affordable Care Act

Answer 16

includes coverage for substance abuse treatment for those receiving services under the law.

Question 17

behavioral therapy

Answer 17

persons diagnosed with mental disorders and intellectual disabilities to diminish acting out and to promote healthy behaviors. By reinforcing desired behaviors through carefully selected rewards and by enforcing limits on undesirable behavior, therapists though they could improve their patients functioning.

Question 18

1972

Answer 18

OT Lorna Jean King applied sensory integration theory and methods treatment of patients with chronic psychiatric disorders. King proposed that poor functioning and grossly abnormal posture in chronic schizophrenia could be attributed to errors in sensory processing,

Question 19

1985

Answer 19

Claudia Allen develops and publishes the cognitive disabilities model. A person’s performance in an identified six levels of cognitive functioning, which can be evaluated through performance of unfamiliar small crafts, such as leather lacing or mosaics.

Question 20

Narrative reasoning

Answer 20

to study how people understand and tell the stories of their lives; it has enriched our appreciation and analysis of occupation and its relation to individuals.

Question 21

The passage of the ADA of 1990

Answer 21

allowed for new opportunities in mental health occupational therapy, working with consumers trying to gain access to employment, supported housing,, community, mobility, and other opportunities.

Question 22

2013

Answer 22

occupational therapy became a mandated mental health service for community mental health centers that provide medicare partial hospitalization services.

Question 23

Executive function

Answer 23

complex of abilities involved in planning, decision-making, organizing, remembering, and problem solving..

Question 24

Positive behavioral Support (PBS)

Answer 24

how the environment may be used to strengthen and support the student. The aim is to recognize a potential problem situation and prevent problem behavior by intervening early. Communicating group rules, appropriately praising, and redirecting the student’s focus are some examples of supports.

Question 25

Alert program

Answer 25

in which students are taught to identify their level of excitement or arousal and to manipulate it through sensory input.