Psychosocial 2 Flashcards
Define the term identity.
A firm and coherent sense of who you are, where you are heading, and where you fit into society
Outline Erikson’s theory of identity formation.
The process of forming a secure sense of self which involves the integration of the individual self and the social self into a single identity.
Outline Erikson’s theory of identity development in adolescence - Identity versus role confusion.
Adolescents start to regard themselves as unique persons with their own identity and value system. If this development fails to take place, confusion and insecurity develop.
List Erikson’s four aspects of identity.
Vocation
Politics
Religion
Sexual - Gender identity
List James Marcia’s Identity Statuses.
Diffusion
Foreclosure
Moratorium
Identity Achievement
What is a crisis?
Process through which adolescents actively examine their future opportunities.
What is commitment?
Individual’s personal involvement in, and dedication to the goals, values, beliefs, and future occupation.
Outline identity diffusion/role confusion.
No crisis
No commitment
Outlie the characteristics of identity diffusion/role confusion.
Characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values; avoid issues and actions Individual does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is Some individuals seem unfocused and/or unconcerned about their future; thinking is disorganized and they procrastinate
Outline foreclosure.
No crisis
Commitment
Outline the characteristics of foreclosure.
Individual has latched onto an identity prematurely without much thought
Accept traditional values without question
Follow roles and customs transmitted from their parents, society or culture (no crisis/exploration)
Outline moratorium.
Crisis
No commitment
Outline the characteristics of moratorium.
The individual is currently experiencing an identity crisis and is actively raising questions and seeking answers
To postpone making identity achievement decisions
Outline identity achievement.
Crisis
Commitment
Outline the characterisitcs of identity achievement.
The individual has resolved his or her identity crisis and made commitments to goals, beliefs and values
What are the family factors contributing to identity diffusion?
Parents may neglect or reject their children and be distant to them.
What are the family factors contribution to foreclosure?
Parents are loving but overly protective and controlling.
What are the family factors contributing to moratorium?
There is a solid base of affection at home. Adolescents are often involved in an ambivalent struggle with parental authority.
What are the family factors contributing to identity achievement?
Parents encourage autonomy/independence. Differences are explored within a context of support.
What are the personality factors contributing to identity diffusiom?
Low levels of ego development, moral reasoning, self-certainty and poor cooperative abilities
What are the personality factors contributing to foreclosure?
Highest levels of authoritarianism and stereotypical thinking and is obedient to authority
What are the personality factors contributing to moratorium?
High levels of ego development, moral reasoning, and self-esteem. Most anxious and fearful of success
What are the personality factors contributing to identity achievement?
High levels of ego development, moral reasoning, self-certainty, self-esteem. Is able to perform under stress and form intimate relationships
Define body image.
A person’s idea of how his or her body looks.
The mental picture you have of your physical appearance; the attitudes and feelings you have towards it.
What are the factors influencing body image?
Sociocultural pressures ("leanness" is highly valued and "fatness" is stigmatized)
Media
