Psychosis/Schizophrenia Flashcards
What is secondary psychosis?
psychosis caused by underlying medical conditions, dementia, drugs (corticosteroids, anticholinergics), and heavy metals, metabolic disorders
What happens with untreated psychosis?
brain cannot control core reactor temp->unregulated neural circuits->release of inflammatory markers->further degrades circuits->can lead to dementia
What are delusions?
fixed belief that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence
What are delusions of grandeur?
inflated sense of self
What are persecutory delusions?
afraid and feel vulnerable
What is ideas of influence?
false beliefs that one’s actions control external events
What is ideas of reference?
a type of cognitive distortion where someone believes that random events in the world relate to them in a personal way (ex. Believing that a news report, song, or movie is specifically speaking to or about the individual)
What is thought broadcasting?
belief one’s thoughts are being broadcasted aloud so others can hear
What are illusions?
misinterpretations of real experiences
What are hallucinations?
perception of life experiences that occur without external stimuli
What do 1st generation anti-psychotics treat?
they only treat positive symptoms
When do 1st gen anti-psychotics become effective?
2-6 weeks
What are examples of 1st gen meds?
Haloperidol and chlorpromazine
What are side effects of first gen?
-dizziness
-nausea
-tremors
-insomnia
-EPS
What are 1st gen called?
dopamine receptor antagonists
What is acute dystonia?
sustained contraction of one or more muscle groups
What is akathisia?
motor restlessness causing inability to sit still
What is pseudoparkinsonism?
temporary grip that mimics parkinon’s
What is tardive dyskinesia?
involuntary repetitive movements
What do 2nd gen treat?
they treat positive/negative symptoms
What are examples of 2nd gen?
Clozapine, Risperidone, Olanzapine
What are SE of 2nd gen?
sedation, seizures, and sexual dysfunction
What are SE of Clozapin?
myocarditis and neutropenia
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
decreased consciousness and response, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction
What is metabolic syndrome?
wt gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance
What is anti-cholinergic toxicity?
dilated pupils, urinary retention, delirium
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
hallucinations, disorganized speech/thought, delusions, and bizarre behavior
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
blunted affect, anhedonia, poverty of thought, loss of motivation
What is the dopamine theory about schizophrenia?
There is too little dopamine in prefrontal cortex and too much dopamine in mesocortical pathways
What is the glutamate theory about schizophrenia?
deficient activity of glutamate at glutamate synapse in prefrontal cortex
How are parkinson’s and psychosis related?
many parkinson’s patients can develop psychosis because of the increase in synthetic dopamine in the brain
What creates a stress response?
a perceived threat
What are the cardinal signs of PTSD?
flashbacks, avoidance, hypervigilance, and mood alterations
What is hypervigilance?
increased arousal, irritability, difficulty sleeping and concentrating
What is magnification/minimization?
exaggerating/minimizing the importance of events
What is catastrophizing?
seeing only the worst possible outcome
What is overgeneralization?
making broad interpretations from a single or few events
What is magical thinking?
belief that acts will influence unrelated situations
What is personalization?
belief that one responsible for events outside of their own control
What are should statements?
belief that things should be a certain way
What is mind reading?
interpreting the thoughts and beliefs of others without adequate evidence
What is jumping to conclusions?
interpreting the meaning of the situation with little to no meaning
What is fortune telling?
expectation that a situation will turn out badly without adequate evidence
What is emotional reasoning?
assumption that emotions reflect the ways things are
What is disqualifying positive?
Recognizing only negative aspects of a situation while ignoring positive
What is all or nothing thinking?
thinking in always or never
