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Concepts > Mood and Affect > Flashcards

Mood and Affect Flashcards

1
Q

What is mood?

A

The way a person feels

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2
Q

What is affect?

A

observable response a person has to his or her own feelings

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3
Q

What is labile?

A

a condition that causes a person’s emotions to shift rapidly and dramatically, often in an exaggerated or disproportionate way.

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4
Q

What does depressed patient’s mood and affect seem like?

A

moves slowly, lack of ADL, blunted affect, poor hygiene, poverty of thoughts

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5
Q

What is melancholy?

A

Prolonged sadness

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6
Q

What is euthymia?

A

normal range of emotion

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7
Q

What are somatic symptoms of anxiety?

A

abdominal pain, dyspepsia, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, and headache.

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8
Q

What are somatic symptoms of depression?

A

sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance, and fatigue or loss of energy.

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9
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

a condition that makes it difficult to feel pleasure or joy in activities that were previously enjoyable

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9
Q

What is transference?

A

Transference is the redirection of feelings about a specific person onto someone else (in therapy, this refers to a client’s projection of their feelings about someone else onto their therapist)

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10
Q

What is counter-transference?

A

Countertransference is the redirection of a therapist’s feelings toward the client.

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11
Q

What is vegetative symptoms?

A

disturbances in the body’s functions that are necessary for life

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12
Q

What are some examples of vegetative symptoms?

A

Changes in appetite, weight, or sleep
Fatigue and loss of energy
Insomnia
Disordered salivation and transpiration
Cardiac arrhythmias and dyspnea
Change in body temperature
Altered sexual functions
Inattention

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13
Q

What is anergia?

A

a continual feeling of tiredness, lack of energy, or sleepiness

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14
Q

What are some symptoms of mania?

A

thoughts racing, speaking quickly, loose associations

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15
Q

What is the difference between mania and hypo-mania?

A

Type 1 goes to full mania and type 2 only goes to hypo-mania

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16
Q

Where are suicide risks the highest?

A

shortly after starting anti-depressants

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17
Q

What is psychosis?

A

loss of reality; poor judgements

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18
Q

How would you treat depressed psychosis?

A

ECT treatment when needed instant relief. Treatment lasts over the span of a couple weeks

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19
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model?

A

predisposed then triggered by life stressors and negative events.

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20
Q

Does mental illness affect women more than men?

A

yes

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21
Q

What hormonal alterations might cause a change in mental status?

A

adolescents, post-partum, menopause

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22
Q

How can the inflammatory process cause mental health issues?

A

Reduced blood flow and abnormal phosphorus metabolism in the prefrontal aspect of the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

How can NT changes cause mental illness?

A

Neuropathway changes, imbalanced neurotransmitters, low serotonin, GABA,

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24
Q

What are psychological factors that cause mental illness?

A

-cognitive theory; negative self talk
-learned helplessness

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25
Q

How to communicate with a patient who is depressed?

A

speech so simplify; speak slowly, state observations; non-judgmental; give time for processing & responses

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26
Q

What is citalopram and sertraline?

A

SSRI

27
Q

How to communicate with a person who is manic?

A

racy & pressured so need to be calm, clear & simplify; consistent limits (boundaries); don’t argue; avoid power struggles

28
Q

What is Venlafaxine?

A

SNRI

29
Q

What is Amitriptyline?

A

TCA

30
Q

What is Phenelzine?

A

MAOI

31
Q

What do you use to treat bipolar?

A

Lithium

32
Q

Why is renal function important if patient is taking Lithium?

A

They need good renal function to excrete lithium

33
Q

What is normal therapeutic range for Lithium?

A

0.8 and 1.2 for acute goals or 0.8 and 1.0 mEq/L for maintenance goals

34
Q

What are signs of lithium toxicity?

A

Vision changes, diarrhea, flu like symptoms, tremor, vomiting
High levels of salt->low levels or lithium
Low sodium (confusion, tremor, seizures)-> give anti-convulsant

35
Q

What dietary considerations for people on Lithium?

A

Inverse relationship of Na and lithium
Educate patient on keeping sodium intake is consistent

36
Q

Why do bipolar pts often quit taking Lithium?

A

They enjoy the increased productivity that occurs in mania

37
Q

What are risk factors for suicide?

A

-genetics
-low serotonin
-feelings of hopelessness
-ACE score
-relative/peer suicide

38
Q

What is active suicidal ideation?

A

current specific plans/thoughts

39
Q

What is passive suicidal ideation?

A

general wish to die but no active self harm

40
Q

How do males and females usually die by suicide?

A

males usually use more lethal means like firearms and women usually OD

41
Q

What is the speech like with someone in a manic state?

A

pressured, tangential, flight of ideas

42
Q

What is pressured speech?

A

fast, loud, incoherent

43
Q

What is circumstantial?

A

adding unnecessary detail

44
Q

What is tangential speech?

A

loose point they were trying to make

45
Q

What are loose associations?

A

thoughts are loosely connected

46
Q

What is a flight of ideas?

A

a continuous flow of accelerated speech with changes from topic to topic

47
Q

What is clang associations?

A

string of words that rhyme with no meaning

48
Q

What is anergia?

A

-abnormal lack of energy
-slowed facial expressions
-fixed gaze

49
Q

What is a constricted affect?

A

reduction in range/intensity of normal expression

50
Q

What is a blunted affect?

A

more severe constriction

51
Q

What is a flat expression?

A

none or no emotional expression

52
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

absence of happiness

53
Q

What is poverty of thought?

A

slow/absent response

54
Q

What is impoverished speech?

A

speak less often

55
Q

What is the onset of bipolar 1?

A

18 years onset

56
Q

What is a special consideration of MAOI?

A

foods high in tyramine can cause a HTN crisis

57
Q

Examples of MAOI?

A

Phenelzine and Seleginline

58
Q

What does lithium do?

A

it is a mood stabilizer that regulates glutamate

59
Q

What to monitor with lithium?

A

monitor thyroid/kidney function

60
Q

What level of lithium is toxic?

A

around 1.5

61
Q

What is the therapeutic range of lithium?

A

0.6-1.2

62
Q

What are symptoms of lithium toxicity?

A

diarrhea, muscle weakness, blurry vision, drowsiness, tinnitus, ataxia

63
Q

What are special considerations of Tricyclics?

A

they are more sedating and it is lethal if there is an overdose

64
Q
A

Concepts (4 decks)

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