Mood and Affect

Question 1

What is mood?

Answer 1

The way a person feels

Question 2

What is affect?

Answer 2

observable response a person has to his or her own feelings

Question 3

What is labile?

Answer 3

a condition that causes a person’s emotions to shift rapidly and dramatically, often in an exaggerated or disproportionate way.

Question 4

What does depressed patient’s mood and affect seem like?

Answer 4

moves slowly, lack of ADL, blunted affect, poor hygiene, poverty of thoughts

Question 5

What is melancholy?

Answer 5

Prolonged sadness

Question 6

What is euthymia?

Answer 6

normal range of emotion

Question 7

What are somatic symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 7

abdominal pain, dyspepsia, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, and headache.

Question 8

What are somatic symptoms of depression?

Answer 8

sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance, and fatigue or loss of energy.

Question 9

What is anhedonia?

Answer 9

a condition that makes it difficult to feel pleasure or joy in activities that were previously enjoyable

Question 9

What is transference?

Answer 9

Transference is the redirection of feelings about a specific person onto someone else (in therapy, this refers to a client’s projection of their feelings about someone else onto their therapist)

Question 10

What is counter-transference?

Answer 10

Countertransference is the redirection of a therapist’s feelings toward the client.

Question 11

What is vegetative symptoms?

Answer 11

disturbances in the body’s functions that are necessary for life

Question 12

What are some examples of vegetative symptoms?

Answer 12

Changes in appetite, weight, or sleep
Fatigue and loss of energy
Insomnia
Disordered salivation and transpiration
Cardiac arrhythmias and dyspnea
Change in body temperature
Altered sexual functions
Inattention

Question 13

What is anergia?

Answer 13

a continual feeling of tiredness, lack of energy, or sleepiness

Question 14

What are some symptoms of mania?

Answer 14

thoughts racing, speaking quickly, loose associations

Question 15

What is the difference between mania and hypo-mania?

Answer 15

Type 1 goes to full mania and type 2 only goes to hypo-mania

Question 16

Where are suicide risks the highest?

Answer 16

shortly after starting anti-depressants

Question 17

What is psychosis?

Answer 17

loss of reality; poor judgements

Question 18

How would you treat depressed psychosis?

Answer 18

ECT treatment when needed instant relief. Treatment lasts over the span of a couple weeks

Question 19

What is the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 19

predisposed then triggered by life stressors and negative events.

Question 20

Does mental illness affect women more than men?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

What hormonal alterations might cause a change in mental status?

Answer 21

adolescents, post-partum, menopause

Question 22

How can the inflammatory process cause mental health issues?

Answer 22

Reduced blood flow and abnormal phosphorus metabolism in the prefrontal aspect of the cerebral cortex

Question 23

How can NT changes cause mental illness?

Answer 23

Neuropathway changes, imbalanced neurotransmitters, low serotonin, GABA,

Question 24

What are psychological factors that cause mental illness?

Answer 24

-cognitive theory; negative self talk -learned helplessness

Question 25

How to communicate with a patient who is depressed?

Answer 25

speech so simplify; speak slowly, state observations; non-judgmental; give time for processing & responses

Question 26

What is citalopram and sertraline?

Answer 26

SSRI

Question 27

How to communicate with a person who is manic?

Answer 27

racy & pressured so need to be calm, clear & simplify; consistent limits (boundaries); don’t argue; avoid power struggles

Question 28

What is Venlafaxine?

Answer 28

SNRI

Question 29

What is Amitriptyline?

Answer 29

TCA

Question 30

What is Phenelzine?

Answer 30

MAOI

Question 31

What do you use to treat bipolar?

Answer 31

Lithium

Question 32

Why is renal function important if patient is taking Lithium?

Answer 32

They need good renal function to excrete lithium

Question 33

What is normal therapeutic range for Lithium?

Answer 33

0.8 and 1.2 for acute goals or 0.8 and 1.0 mEq/L for maintenance goals

Question 34

What are signs of lithium toxicity?

Answer 34

Vision changes, diarrhea, flu like symptoms, tremor, vomiting High levels of salt->low levels or lithium Low sodium (confusion, tremor, seizures)-> give anti-convulsant

Question 35

What dietary considerations for people on Lithium?

Answer 35

Inverse relationship of Na and lithium Educate patient on keeping sodium intake is consistent

Question 36

Why do bipolar pts often quit taking Lithium?

Answer 36

They enjoy the increased productivity that occurs in mania

Question 37

What are risk factors for suicide?

Answer 37

-genetics -low serotonin -feelings of hopelessness -ACE score -relative/peer suicide

Question 38

What is active suicidal ideation?

Answer 38

current specific plans/thoughts

Question 39

What is passive suicidal ideation?

Answer 39

general wish to die but no active self harm

Question 40

How do males and females usually die by suicide?

Answer 40

males usually use more lethal means like firearms and women usually OD

Question 41

What is the speech like with someone in a manic state?

Answer 41

pressured, tangential, flight of ideas

Question 42

What is pressured speech?

Answer 42

fast, loud, incoherent

Question 43

What is circumstantial?

Answer 43

adding unnecessary detail

Question 44

What is tangential speech?

Answer 44

loose point they were trying to make

Question 45

What are loose associations?

Answer 45

thoughts are loosely connected

Question 46

What is a flight of ideas?

Answer 46

a continuous flow of accelerated speech with changes from topic to topic

Question 47

What is clang associations?

Answer 47

string of words that rhyme with no meaning

Question 48

What is anergia?

Answer 48

-abnormal lack of energy -slowed facial expressions -fixed gaze

Question 49

What is a constricted affect?

Answer 49

reduction in range/intensity of normal expression

Question 50

What is a blunted affect?

Answer 50

more severe constriction

Question 51

What is a flat expression?

Answer 51

none or no emotional expression

Question 52

What is anhedonia?

Answer 52

absence of happiness

Question 53

What is poverty of thought?

Answer 53

slow/absent response

Question 54

What is impoverished speech?

Answer 54

speak less often

Question 55

What is the onset of bipolar 1?

Answer 55

18 years onset

Question 56

What is a special consideration of MAOI?

Answer 56

foods high in tyramine can cause a HTN crisis

Question 57

Examples of MAOI?

Answer 57

Phenelzine and Seleginline

Question 58

What does lithium do?

Answer 58

it is a mood stabilizer that regulates glutamate

Question 59

What to monitor with lithium?

Answer 59

monitor thyroid/kidney function

Question 60

What level of lithium is toxic?

Answer 60

around 1.5

Question 61

What is the therapeutic range of lithium?

Answer 61

0.6-1.2

Question 62

What are symptoms of lithium toxicity?

Answer 62

diarrhea, muscle weakness, blurry vision, drowsiness, tinnitus, ataxia

Question 63

What are special considerations of Tricyclics?

Answer 63

they are more sedating and it is lethal if there is an overdose