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Year 3 - Mental Health > Psychosis and Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Psychosis and Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Define psychosis

A

An individual experiencing a reality different to everyone else

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2
Q

How can a psychotic episodes onset present?

A

Sudden or gradually

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3
Q

How long can a psychotic episode last for?

A

Days to months

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4
Q

What level of insight do psychotic patients have during a psychotic episode?

A

Typically none - don’t realise they are psychotic

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5
Q

To whom do psychotic patients often present first?

A

Police, family or friends

Rarely to a psychiatrist or other physician

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6
Q

When assessing a potentially psychotic patient, what is it important to assess?

A

If they are really psychotic

In which way they are psychotic and what symptoms they have

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7
Q

How does the mind process sensory inputs?

A

Senses data (e.g. chemicals, light, pressure)

Interprets this as an object or thing

Brain processes this to give the object meaning

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of psychosis?

A

Hallucinations

Delusions

Formal thought disorder

Fragmentation of the boundaries of the self

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9
Q

Define hallucination

A

The perception of an object in the absence of an external stimulus

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10
Q

What modalities can a hallucination occur in?

A

Any of the 5 sensory modalities

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11
Q

What is the most common form of hallucination in psychosis?

A

Auditory

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12
Q

What point of view can an auditory hallucination bee perceived in?

A

2nd or 3rd person

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13
Q

What condition is more likely to present with visual hallucinations?

A

Delirium

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14
Q

What does an olfactory hallucination suggest?

A

Possible frontal lobe pathology

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15
Q

Is a patient claiming to hear voices in their head experiencing psychosis?

A

No - they have insight so is likely a pseudohallucination

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16
Q

Define a delusion

A

A fixed, firmly held belief that is (usually) false, that cannot be reasoned away, is held despite evidence to the contrary and is out of keeping with a person’s sociocultural norms

17
Q

What types of delusions are there?

A

Persecutory

Grandiose

Reference

Erotomanic

Hypochondriacal

18
Q

Define formal thought disorder

A

A problem of speech (and the flow of thought) which means that each sentence (or phrase or word) does not follow on from the next

19
Q

How does formal thought disorder differ from flight of ideas?

A

Flight of ideas typically has connections between each idea, formal though disorder does not

20
Q

What are disorders of the self?

A

Difficulties understanding:

The self vs others

The self through time

The unity of experience

The self as agent

21
Q

What do disorders of the self result in?

A

The inability of the patient to distinguish between himself and the world

22
Q

What presentations do disorders of the self result in?

A

Thought broadcast

Passivity phenomena

Thought insertion

23
Q

What type of delusions do people with schizophrenia typically present with?

A

Persecutory

24
Q

Define schizophrenia

A

A disorder characterised by psychotic episodes and negative symptoms

25
Q

What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Flat affect

Ambivalence

Loosening of associations

Amotivation or apathy

26
Q

What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Hearing one’s own thoughts aloud

Hears third person voices

Hears running commentary

Believing sensations in the body are caused by outside sources

Thought broadcasting

Thought withdrawal, insertion and other thought influences

Delusions

27
Q

What are some different types of thought interference?

A

Thought broadcast

Thought withdrawal

Thought insertion

Thought echo

28
Q

What is thought broadcast?

A

When a patient believes that their thoughts are being broadcast from their head to be heard by other people

29
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

When a patient believe thoughts are being taken from their heads, not necessarily for listening to (as in thought broadcast)

30
Q

What is thought insertion?

A

When a patient believes that thoughts that are not their own are being placed in their head

31
Q

What is thought echo?

A

When a patient can hear their own thoughts spoken aloud as an auditory hallucination

32
Q

How must a true auditory hallucination be uncovered?

A

By asking the patient if they hear the voice in their head (not a hallucination) or as a true voice (hallucination)

33
Q

What is passivity?

A

When a person believes that their actions are being controlled by somebody else

34
Q

What are the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Thought echo

Voices speaking to each other (with replies) about the patient

Running commentary auditory hallucination

Tactile hallucinations (believes physical sensation within body caused by outside force)

Thought broadcast

Other influences on thought

Passivity

Delusions

Year 3 - Mental Health (12 decks)

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