psychosis Flashcards
akasthesia treatment
reduce medication and add an anticholinergic
what distinguishes clozapine
you have to monitor blood for agranulocytosis
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
ataxia, slurring of speech, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, HTN, hyperthermia, can cause delirium
psychosis
mental disorder in which the thoughts, affective response, ability to recognize reality, and ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality
classical characteristics of psychosis
impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions
postive symptoms of schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia); often lose touch with reality
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
diminished emotional expression (flat affect), allege (diminished speech), anhedonia (diminished ability to experience pleasure), and asociality (lock of interest in social interactions)
schizophrenia diagnosis
2 criteria: an active phase with prominent psychotic symptoms lasting > 1 month, unless interrupted by effective treatment; total durations of symptoms regardless of phase of > 6 months
prodromal phase
gradual change in behavior; may appear as personality or mood change
active phase
classic findings of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and behavior; can involve sleeplessness and dangerous behavior
residual phase
continuing oddities of thinking and behavior, often with prominent negative and cognitive symptoms; delusions are typically absent
paranoid descriptor
central delusional theme predominates without disorganized thinking
catatonic
prominent psychomotor changes including stupor, excessive excitement, posturing, mechanical speech
disorganized
disorganized thinking and behavior; multiple delusions
neuroanatomical changes in schizophrenia
decreased blood flow to the frontal lobe, thinning of medial temporal lobe cortex and frontal cortex, small hippocampus
schizophreniform disorder
first episode les than 6 months duration
schizoaffective disorder
major mood disorder concurrent with schizophrenia-like psychosis; psychotic symptoms persist when the mood disorder has been absent > 2 weeks
delusional disorder
circumscribed and often bizarre delusion in an otherwise normal-appearing patient
brief psychotic disorder
transient psychosis that develops suddenly, usually after a highly stressful life event; remits rapidly with intervention and does not develop a pattern of recurrence
substance induced psychotic disorder
persistent, prominent delusions and hallucinations that developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure to a medication that is capable of producing these symptoms; not the same as delerium
psychotic disorder due to another medical conditions
psychosis due to the physiological effects of a medical condition, did not precede the onset of the medical condition, and does not exclusively occur during a delirium
(eg MS, lung cancer, brain injury, hypothyroidism)
may improve with treatment of the medical condition
catatonia
severe psychomotor disturbance; may b associated with many different disorders, including schizophrenia, depressive stupor, and a variety of serious medical conditions; can be life threatening
delirium
characterized by altered mental status, lasting hours to days; person is not oriented to person, place, or time; reversible condition
dementia
syndrome of general loss of cognitive functions and significant functional deterioration
