Mood and Anxiety disorders

Question 1

mood

Answer 1

a persistent subjective state, expressed in thought, emotion, behavior, and bodily functions

Question 2

anxiety disorders

Answer 2

disorders that share features of excessive and persistent bouts of fear (emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat) and anxiety (anticipation of future threat) and related behavioral disturbances

Question 3

panic disorder

Answer 3

characterized by recurrent panic attacks, occurring over at least 1 month, involving anticipatory anxiety and avoidance of situations where panic is likely to occur or help is unavailable

Question 4

panic attack

Answer 4

discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which at least 4 of the following develop and peak within 10 minutes: palpitations, sweating, trembling, shaking, dyspnea, feeling smothered, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, paresthesia, chills, fear of dying, depersonalization

Question 5

social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

Answer 5

fear often with blushing, of anticipated humiliation or rejection by others in social situations; the person desires social interactions, but the dread of embarrassment leads to avoidance

Question 6

simple phobia

Answer 6

characterized by fear responses to specific cues, encountered during a particularly frightening experience, environment, or situation (e.g. claustrophobia)

Question 7

agoraphobia

Answer 7

marked, persistent fear or anxiety about two or more of the following situations, accompanied by avoidance of the situations: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in shops, theaters, cinemas, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone

Question 8

social phobia treatment

Answer 8

rehearsal, improved competence; beta-blockers to reduce distress for public speaking

Question 9

simple phobias treatment

Answer 9

short term with benzos for symptomatic relief; repeated gradual exposure to feared stimulus

Question 10

agoraphobia treatment

Answer 10

gradual exposure (systematic desensitization) plus SSRIs

Question 11

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 11

persistent pattern of uncontrollable worries about health, safety, access to resources, and threats to other people; the patient will often present with somatic symptoms, and does not realize that they are connected to the anxiety

Question 12

obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 12

characterized by intrusive, arousal, and avoidance symptoms
intrusive - obsessive thoughts, typically fears of contamination or danger and unjustified guilt
compulsions - acts/behaviors that the person does to neutralize the fear of doing something wrong, making a mistake, or being criticized

Question 13

substance/medication induced anxiety disorder

Answer 13

panic attacks predominate; often due to stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine, ADHD meds, caffeine), alcohol, or OTC decongestants and cough syrup

Question 14

mood disorders

Answer 14

an unusually intense and persistent mood that occurs out of context and compromises self-care, adaptive functioning, and the ability to effectively relate to other people

Question 15

major depressive disorder

Answer 15

signs and symptoms are SIG E CAPS (5 required for Dx): 
S: sleep
I: loss of interest
G: guilt
E: decreased energy
C: concentration difficults
A: appetite disturbance
P: psychomotor retardation/agitation
S: suicidal thoughts

Question 16

persistent depressive disorder (formerly “dysthymia”)

Answer 16

individuals who persistently experience symptoms of depressed mood and at least two of the other characteristics of major depression; symptoms must be present for >/= 2 years

Question 17

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Answer 17

week before onset of menses: patient suffers from a combination of symptoms including affective lability, irritability, anger, interpersonal conflicts, feeling on edge, anxiety, depression, over-eating, food cravings, sleep problems, feeling overwhelmed and out of control
symptoms must have lasted most of a year and occur in 2 documented cycles
symptoms disappear after onset of menses

Question 18

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 18

rapidly alternating mood states, occurring for at least 2 years, but never meeting criteria for major depression, mania, or hypomania
(similar to borderline personality disorder, patients may meet both diagnostic criteria, but self-injury and history of abuse is less common in cyclothymic disorder)

Question 19

bipolar 1 disorder

Answer 19

classic “manic depression” - distinct period of abnormaly and persistently elevated mood, lasting at least one week; full blown mania is a psychotic disorder; most patients experience at least one major depressive episode in their lifetime, in addition to mania

Question 20

bipolar 2 disorder

Answer 20

distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and abnormal and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least 4 consecutive days, and present most of the day, nearly every day; (periods of hypomania - periods of elevated mood that do not fit the criteria for mania); also must have a history of depression that lasted at least 2 weeks

Question 21

mood state qualifier: atypical features

Answer 21

overeating, oversleeping while depressed; preserved reactivity to reward

Question 22

mood state qualifier: catatonic features

Answer 22

detachment from the environment while awake; negativism including immobility, mutism, refusal to eat or drink; may b life threatening

Question 23

mood state qualifier: melancholic features

Answer 23

dense anhedonia, lack of response to reward, terminal insomnia (early morning awakening), diurnal variation (mornings worse)

Question 24

mood state qualifier: postpartum onset

Answer 24

depressive episode within 1 month of childbirth by definition; clinically this period of markedly increased risk may be greater than 3 months; often includes marked anxiety

Question 25

mood state qualifier: psychotic features

Answer 25

mood congruent in depression: delusion of poverty, guilt, nihilism, illness, self-disgust, derogatory auditory hallucinations
mood congruent in mania: delusions of special powers or unlimited resources, paranoia, auditory hallucinations

Question 26

psychoeducation

Answer 26

explaining a diagnosis in terms of etiology and particular symptoms while offering ways to improve coping

Question 27

interpersonal psychotherapy

Answer 27

focuses on the link between depression and four interpersonal issues: loss, conflict or detachement, a life transition, and deficits in social skills

Question 28

cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 28

involves identifying distortions of think gin and maladaptive behavior that contribute to depressed mood, then altering the reinforcing conditions that sustain it.