Mood and Anxiety disorders Flashcards
mood
a persistent subjective state, expressed in thought, emotion, behavior, and bodily functions
anxiety disorders
disorders that share features of excessive and persistent bouts of fear (emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat) and anxiety (anticipation of future threat) and related behavioral disturbances
panic disorder
characterized by recurrent panic attacks, occurring over at least 1 month, involving anticipatory anxiety and avoidance of situations where panic is likely to occur or help is unavailable
panic attack
discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which at least 4 of the following develop and peak within 10 minutes: palpitations, sweating, trembling, shaking, dyspnea, feeling smothered, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, paresthesia, chills, fear of dying, depersonalization
social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
fear often with blushing, of anticipated humiliation or rejection by others in social situations; the person desires social interactions, but the dread of embarrassment leads to avoidance
simple phobia
characterized by fear responses to specific cues, encountered during a particularly frightening experience, environment, or situation (e.g. claustrophobia)
agoraphobia
marked, persistent fear or anxiety about two or more of the following situations, accompanied by avoidance of the situations: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in shops, theaters, cinemas, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone
social phobia treatment
rehearsal, improved competence; beta-blockers to reduce distress for public speaking
simple phobias treatment
short term with benzos for symptomatic relief; repeated gradual exposure to feared stimulus
agoraphobia treatment
gradual exposure (systematic desensitization) plus SSRIs
generalized anxiety disorder
persistent pattern of uncontrollable worries about health, safety, access to resources, and threats to other people; the patient will often present with somatic symptoms, and does not realize that they are connected to the anxiety
obsessive compulsive disorder
characterized by intrusive, arousal, and avoidance symptoms
intrusive - obsessive thoughts, typically fears of contamination or danger and unjustified guilt
compulsions - acts/behaviors that the person does to neutralize the fear of doing something wrong, making a mistake, or being criticized
substance/medication induced anxiety disorder
panic attacks predominate; often due to stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine, ADHD meds, caffeine), alcohol, or OTC decongestants and cough syrup
mood disorders
an unusually intense and persistent mood that occurs out of context and compromises self-care, adaptive functioning, and the ability to effectively relate to other people
major depressive disorder
signs and symptoms are SIG E CAPS (5 required for Dx): S: sleep I: loss of interest G: guilt E: decreased energy C: concentration difficults A: appetite disturbance P: psychomotor retardation/agitation S: suicidal thoughts
persistent depressive disorder (formerly “dysthymia”)
individuals who persistently experience symptoms of depressed mood and at least two of the other characteristics of major depression; symptoms must be present for >/= 2 years
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
week before onset of menses: patient suffers from a combination of symptoms including affective lability, irritability, anger, interpersonal conflicts, feeling on edge, anxiety, depression, over-eating, food cravings, sleep problems, feeling overwhelmed and out of control
symptoms must have lasted most of a year and occur in 2 documented cycles
symptoms disappear after onset of menses
cyclothymic disorder
rapidly alternating mood states, occurring for at least 2 years, but never meeting criteria for major depression, mania, or hypomania
(similar to borderline personality disorder, patients may meet both diagnostic criteria, but self-injury and history of abuse is less common in cyclothymic disorder)
bipolar 1 disorder
classic “manic depression” - distinct period of abnormaly and persistently elevated mood, lasting at least one week; full blown mania is a psychotic disorder; most patients experience at least one major depressive episode in their lifetime, in addition to mania
bipolar 2 disorder
distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and abnormal and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least 4 consecutive days, and present most of the day, nearly every day; (periods of hypomania - periods of elevated mood that do not fit the criteria for mania); also must have a history of depression that lasted at least 2 weeks
mood state qualifier: atypical features
overeating, oversleeping while depressed; preserved reactivity to reward
mood state qualifier: catatonic features
detachment from the environment while awake; negativism including immobility, mutism, refusal to eat or drink; may b life threatening
mood state qualifier: melancholic features
dense anhedonia, lack of response to reward, terminal insomnia (early morning awakening), diurnal variation (mornings worse)
mood state qualifier: postpartum onset
depressive episode within 1 month of childbirth by definition; clinically this period of markedly increased risk may be greater than 3 months; often includes marked anxiety
