psychosis

Question 1

what are hallucinations

Answer 1

a perception which occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

Question 2

what are ideas of reference

Answer 2

coincidental events that are ascribed significant meaning by the person
things have hidden meanings or messages

Question 3

what is a delusion

Answer 3

a fixed, falsely held belief held with inshakeable conviction

Question 4

what is clanging and punning

Answer 4

using similar sounding words together, even if they don’t make sense

Question 5

what is knight’s move thinking

Answer 5

jumping from topic to topic with illogical connections

Question 6

what are the 4 main types of thought interference

Answer 6

insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting, blocking

Question 7

first line medical tranquilisation

Answer 7

lorazepam

Question 8

what is the most common form of psychosis

Answer 8

schizophrenia

Question 9

what is psychosis

Answer 9

the inability to distinguish between subjective experience and objective reality

Question 10

typical onset of schizophrenia for men and women

Answer 10

15-25 for men
25-35 for women

Question 11

name some risk factors for schizophrenia

Answer 11

family history
birth complications
drug use (cannabis)
lower socioeconomic status

Question 12

pathophysiology of psychosis

Answer 12

increased dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway

Question 13

pathophysiology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Answer 13

hypoactivity in mesocortical dopamine pathway

Question 14

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 14

auditory hallucinations, thought broadcasting, delusional perception

Question 15

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 15

social withdrawal, blunting, avolition

Question 16

first line management of schizophrenia

Answer 16

2nd generation antipsychotic e.g. risperidone or olanzapine

Question 17

name some causes of delirium

Answer 17

drugs, withdrawal, infections, epilepsy. metabolic imbalances

Question 18

general features of delirium

Answer 18

rapid onset, 1-2 days from insult
transient and fluctuating course

Question 19

what are the 2 main types of delirium and which is more common

Answer 19

hypoactive (most common)
hyperactive

Question 20

tool for delirium assessment

Answer 20

4AT

Question 21

medical management of delirium

Answer 21

haloperidol or lorazepam

Question 22

what is schizoaffective disorder

Answer 22

an episodic disorder in which the diagnostic requirements of schizophrenia and a manic, mixed or depressive episode are met within the same episode

Question 23

what is schizotypal disorder

Answer 23

enduring pattern of unusual behaviours NOT sufficient intensity or duration to meet diagnostic requirements

Question 24

what is fregoli delusion

Answer 24

belief that a familiar person acquires different physical identities while the psychological identity remains the same

Question 25

what is syndrome of intermetamorphosis

Answer 25

belief that another person has changed both their physical and psychological identities

Question 26

what is syndrome of subjective doubles

Answer 26

the belief that another person has been physically transformed into the patients own self