Psychosis Flashcards
Are visual hallucinations common in psychiatric disorders?
no, auditory are
What is the nature of visual hallucinations?
organic cause
Olfactory hallucinations are associated with which condition?
temporal lobe epilepsy
Tactile hallucinations?
substance use/withdrawal
Define delusion
fixed, false belief outwith cultural, societal, and religious norms
Three examples of delusions
parnoid
grandiose
nihilistic
pathological jealousy
control
Is schizophrenia more common in men or women?
equal!
List two negative symptoms of schizophrenia
apathy
social withdrawal
blunted
poverty of speech
List two positive symptoms of schizophrenia
delusions
hallucinations
List two symptoms of Schneider’s first rank
thought echo
third person hallucinations
running commentary
thought broadcast/insertion/withdrawal
delusional perception
feelings of external control
Examples of thought form disorders
tangentiality
circumstantiality
knight’s move
flight of ideas
What are the extrapyramidal side effects of antipscyhotics
parkinsonism
akathisia
dystonia
Differentials for psychosis
schizophrenia
mania
severe depression
organic causes
not quite psychosis: anorexia, emotionally unstable personality disorder, OCD, ASD
List three organic causes of psychosis
drug induced
infections- HIV, syphilis, encephalitis
MS
delirium
parkinson’s
brain tumours
State three features to suggest organic rather than non-organic causes of psychosis
substance use
new medications
acute onset
fluctuations
abnormal bloods etc
visual hallucinations
impaired cognition orientation and attention
Two types of delusions?
primary- from nowhere. e.g. delirium and dementia (they must be watching me because i woke up in different clothes)
secondary- as a result of something else
Two features to suggest non-organic aetiology
slow or insidious symptoms
mostly orientated
auditory hallucinations
How to ask about mood
how has you mood been over the past two weeks? scale of 1-10?
How to ask about thought form?
do you feel like you are thinking clearly? do you feel overwhelmed with thoughts?
What are the types of delusions?
thought insertion, withdrawal, broadcast (external agents of power- CIA, MI5)
misidentification
delusional memory
What is capras delusion?
replaced with imposter
Fregoli delusion?
same person in disguise
Intermetamorphosis?
swapping inner identity but swapped exterior appearance
How to explore delusions?
anything troubling you?
anything that is making you feel afraid?
anyone wanting to harm you?
do you think your thoughts are being controlled?
How to tell someone they are delusional?
I’m afraid I did share these thoughts, I wonder if your thoughts are a reflection of you being unwell.
Tactile hallucinations?
delirium tremens
cocaine
Visual hallucinations?
lewy body dementia
delirium
Auditory hallucinations?
schizophrenia
psychotic depression
Example of tactile hallucinations?
delusional parasitosis
Risks in psychosis?
violence to others
harm to self and others: driving, accidental fire setting
risk FROM others- violence, vulnerability (financial and welfare exploitation)
