Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Name two memory tests

A

Adenbrooke’s (ACE)
Mini mental state exam (MMSE)

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2
Q

What is the characteristic neuropathology of alzheimer’s dementia

A

beta amyloid plaques
neurofibrillary tangles- hyperphosphorylated tau

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3
Q

Three risk factors for alzheimer’s?

A

age
down’s syndrome
family history
hyperlipidemia
CVD

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4
Q

What is the main distinguishing features between dementia and delirium?

A

consciousness is not impaired in dementia

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5
Q

State three investigations for dementia

A

memory testing- ACE III, MMSE, MoCA
FBC/biochemistry/TSH/folate/B12, glucose
CT
MRI

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6
Q

Three risk factors for vascular dementia

A

age
obesity
hypertension
smoking
dyslipidemia
diabetes

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7
Q

Is memory more affected in vascular of alzheimer’s?

A

alzheimers, executive function/planning is more affected in vascular

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8
Q

List three characteristics of lewy body dementia

A

visual hallucinations
REM sleep disorders
parkinsonian motor symptoms
extreme sensitivity to antipsychotics
cognitive fluctuations

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9
Q

How to distinguish between parkinson’s disease and lewy body dementia?

A

cognitive dysfunction precedes motor dysfunction in LBD

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10
Q

What is the management for lewy body dementia?

A

cognitive impairment- cholinesterase inhibitors
motor symptoms- levodopa/carbidopa
REM sleep disorder- melatonin
anxiety/behavioural disturbance- benzos

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11
Q

List two dementia differentials aside from LBD, AD, vascular, and frontotemporal dementia

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus
severe depression
prion disease
HIV

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12
Q

What is the triad of features in normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

dementia
gait disturbance
urinary incontinence

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13
Q

Discuss three differences between delirium and dementia?

A

onset- acute vs chronic
course- fluctuations vs progressive decline
attention- impaired vs intact
behavior- hyper/hypo active vs normal
consciousness- disrupted vs normal

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14
Q

What is a common side effect of donepezil?

A

insomnia

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15
Q

What is the MOA of donepezil?

A

inhibits cholinesterase

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16
Q

76 year old man with polypharmacy has difficulties sleeping. He has hypertension and alzheimer’s disease. WHich drug is likely the cause of his insomnia?

A

donepezil