Dementia Flashcards
Name two memory tests
Adenbrooke’s (ACE)
Mini mental state exam (MMSE)
What is the characteristic neuropathology of alzheimer’s dementia
beta amyloid plaques
neurofibrillary tangles- hyperphosphorylated tau
Three risk factors for alzheimer’s?
age
down’s syndrome
family history
hyperlipidemia
CVD
What is the main distinguishing features between dementia and delirium?
consciousness is not impaired in dementia
State three investigations for dementia
memory testing- ACE III, MMSE, MoCA
FBC/biochemistry/TSH/folate/B12, glucose
CT
MRI
Three risk factors for vascular dementia
age
obesity
hypertension
smoking
dyslipidemia
diabetes
Is memory more affected in vascular of alzheimer’s?
alzheimers, executive function/planning is more affected in vascular
List three characteristics of lewy body dementia
visual hallucinations
REM sleep disorders
parkinsonian motor symptoms
extreme sensitivity to antipsychotics
cognitive fluctuations
How to distinguish between parkinson’s disease and lewy body dementia?
cognitive dysfunction precedes motor dysfunction in LBD
What is the management for lewy body dementia?
cognitive impairment- cholinesterase inhibitors
motor symptoms- levodopa/carbidopa
REM sleep disorder- melatonin
anxiety/behavioural disturbance- benzos
List two dementia differentials aside from LBD, AD, vascular, and frontotemporal dementia
normal pressure hydrocephalus
severe depression
prion disease
HIV
What is the triad of features in normal pressure hydrocephalus
dementia
gait disturbance
urinary incontinence
Discuss three differences between delirium and dementia?
onset- acute vs chronic
course- fluctuations vs progressive decline
attention- impaired vs intact
behavior- hyper/hypo active vs normal
consciousness- disrupted vs normal
What is a common side effect of donepezil?
insomnia
What is the MOA of donepezil?
inhibits cholinesterase
