Psychosis Flashcards
Define Psychosis
A mental state in which reality is greatly distorted
Name the three prevalent features of Psychosis and define them
- *Delusions** (Fixed false belief held firmly despite evidence to the contrary)
- *Hallucinations** (Perception in the absence of external stimuli)
- *Thought Disorder** (impairment in the ability to form thoughts from logically connected ideas)
Describe the ICD10 class 1-8 of Psychotic Disorders
1 - Schizophrenia
2 - Schizotypal Disorder
3 - Persistent Delusional Disorder
4 - Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder (<1m)
5 - Induced Delusional Disorder
6 - Schizoaffective Disorder
7 - Other non organic Psychotic
8 - Unspecified
most common psychotic disorder
schizophrenia
name some causes of psychosis
non-organic and organic
non-organic - schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, schizoaffective disorder, acute psychotic episode
organic - iatrogenic, complex partial epilepsy, delirium, dementia, huntington’s, SLE
What is Schizotypal Disorder (AKA Latent Schizophrenia)?
Eccentric Behaviour, Suspiciousness, Unusual Speech and deviations of thinking and affect that is similar to those suffering from schizophrenia
No Hallucinations or Delusions
More common in those with a first degree relative with Schizophrenia
what is Mood disorders with psychosis?
psychosis develops secondary to depression or mania
What is Schizoaffective Disorder?
Symptoms of both Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder in the same episode, with mood disorder meeting criteria (mood disorder can be depression or mania)
mood symptoms should meet criteria for either a depressive illness or manic episode + 1 or 2 typical symptoms of schizophrenia
What is Persistent Delusional Disorder?
- Single or set of delusions (often persecutory, grandiose, hypochondriacal) for at least 3 months in which delusions is the only or most prominent symptom
- Other areas of thinking intact, unlike Schizophrenia
- often responds well to antipsychotics
What is Folie à Deux?
‘Thought shared by two’
A delusional belief shared between two people.
Name three common types of Delusions
Grandiose
Persecutory
Hyperchondriacal
Name three ways of classifying Delusions
Cause: Primary vs Secondary
Mood : Congruent vs Incongruent
Plausibility: Bizarre vs Non Bizarre
Name four Organic Causes of Psychosis
Drug Induced
Iatrogenic (Steroids)
Dementia
Delirium
Define Schizophrenia
Most common form of Psychosis characterised by Hallucinations, Delusions and Thought Disorders which lead to functional impairment.
occurs in absence of organic disease, alcohol or drug-related disorders and is not secondary to elevation or depression of mood
Give three PREDISPOSING risk factors for Schizophrenia
bio = genetic, neurochemical, neurodevelopmental, age 15-35,
psychological = FHx, childhood abuse
social = substance misuse, low socioeconomic status, migrants, urban area, birth in late winter/early spring season
Give two PRECIPITATING risk factors for Schizophrenia
bio = Smoking Cannabis or psychostimulants
psych = Adverse Life Events, poor coping style
social = adverse life events
Give three PERPETUATING risk factors for Schizophrenia
bio = Substance Misuse, Poor Medication Compliance
psychological = adverse life events
social = Lack of Social Support
What are Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms for Schizophrenia?
symptoms which, if 1 or more are present, are strongly suggestive of schizophrenia as alternative to ICD-10
- Delusional Perception
- Third Person Auditory Hallucinations
- Thought Interference (Insertion, Withdrawal, Broadcast)
- Passivity Phenomenon (They have no control)
Positive symptoms are normally seen in the ‘Acute Phases’ of Schizophrenia, and can be remembered by ‘Delusions Held Firmly Think Psychosis’. What does this mnemonic stand for?
- *D**elusions
- *H**allucinations
- *F**ormal Thought Disorder
- *T**hought Interference
- *P**assivity Phenomenon
The negative symptoms are normally seen in the Chronic Phases of Schizophrenia. What are they?
- Avolition - reduced motivation
- Asocial behaviour - loss of drive for any social engagements
- Anhedonia - lack of pleasure in activities that were previously enjoyable
- Affect Blunted - diminished or absent capacity to express feelings
- Alogia - Poverty of Speech
- Attention deficits - may experience problems with attention, language, memory, executive function
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Paranoid Schizophrenia.
Most common, dominated by positive symptoms
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Post Schizophrenic Depression.
Depression predominates with Schizophrenic illness in the past 12 months, and some symptoms still present
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Hebephrenic Schizophrenia.
Though disorganisation predominates
Illness onset is earlier (15-25)
Poorer Prognosis
There are 7 main subtypes of Schizophrenia. Define Catatonic Schizophrenia.
Rare form characterised by one or more Catatonic Sx
