Psychosis

Question 1

Neurosis

Answer 1

A relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress (depression, anxiety, obsessive behaviour, preoccupation with physical illnesses) but not a radical loss of touch with reality.

Question 2

psychosis

Answer 2

Psychosis can be defined as grossly impaired reality testing .i.e. persons incorrectly evaluate the accuracy of their thoughts and perceptions and make incorrect inferences about external reality, even in the presence of contrary evidence.

Question 3

key features of psychosis

Answer 3

lack of insight

Question 4

key features of psychotic disorders

Answer 4

delusions 
hallucinations
disorganized thinking
negative symptoms 
catatonia

Question 5

psychotic disorders

Answer 5

Schizophreniform psychosis
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorder
Bipolar disorder
Brief psychotic disorder
Psychosis secondary to another medical condition
Substance-induced psychosis

Question 6

delusions

Answer 6

: fixed, firmly held, false belief which is not amenable to change even in the face of contradictory evidence. The belief is out of keeping with that of the individual’s cultural group and is not an article of faith or a religious belief.

Question 7

themes of delusion

Answer 7

religious
        grandiose
        somatic
        referential
        nihilistic

Question 8

bizarre vs non bizarre delusions

Answer 8

non bizarre- untrue but possible

bizarre- implausible and not understandable to same culture peers

Question 9

bizarre delusions

Answer 9

though withdrawal
though insertion
delusions of control
thought broadcasting

Question 10

systematized delusion

Answer 10

forms an association of ideas that fit into a coherent narrative

Question 11

fragmentary

Answer 11

poorly or non associated ideas

Question 12

list 11 causes of delusions

Answer 12

Schizophrenia 
Bipolar Disorder
Delusional disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
Dementia 
Delirium 
Neoplasms 
Epilepsy
Traumatic brain injury
Vitamin deficiencies (pellagra)
Endocrinopathies (thyroid, etc.)

Question 13

hallucinations

Answer 13

a sensory perception that has a compelling sense of reality of a true perception but without external stimulations

Question 14

what is incoherence

Answer 14

speech that is so severely disorganized

Question 15

tangentiality

Answer 15

answer to a question but it obliquely or completely unrelated

Question 16

derailment/ loosening of associations

Answer 16

jumping from topic to topic

characteristic of schizophrenia

Question 17

formal thought disorder

Answer 17

loss of normal flow of thought
flight of ideas is jumping from topic to topic but with some connecting idea
flight of ideas is a characteristic of mania

Question 18

circumstantiality

Answer 18

pattern of speech that is indirect nd delayed in reaching its goal because of excessive and irrelevant detail

Question 19

common causes of hallucinations

Answer 19

auditory- schizo(they third person and command hallucination)
, bipolar, schizoaffective, substance abuse, dementia, tumors

visual- delirium, stroke
olfactory and gustatory- epilepsy

tactile- alcohol withdrawal

somatic- substance abuse, schizophrenia

Question 20

catatonia

Answer 20

Catatonia: Decreased reactivity to the environment. Decreased mobility to complete unawareness or …purposeless and unstimulated excessive motor activity (‘catatonic excitement’); Features include:-Rigidity and maintenance of postures (‘waxy flexibility’); Negativism: active resistance to instructions or attempts to move them; Posturing: assuming bizarre postures;
Echolalia- imitating someone’s sounds or words and echopraxia- imitating someone’s actions

Question 21

causes of catatonia

Answer 21

schizophrenia
depression
dementia
delirium
metabolic- hypercalcemia, DKA, hepatic encephalopathy
neurological disorder: CVA, neoplasm, head trauma

Question 22

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 22

loss of volition
loss of motivation
spontaneous behavior
social withdrawal
anhedonia
alogia

Question 23

bipolar disorder type 1

Answer 23

episodes of mania and less severe depression

Question 24

bipolar disorder type 2

Answer 24

episodes of hypomania and possibly more severe depression

Question 25

how do we assess severity of catatonia

Answer 25

bush Francis scale

Question 26

illusion

Answer 26

an actual external stimulus is misperceived or misinterpreted.